Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Health Issues Of The Public Health Field - 857 Words

It is a matter of fact that women in the past and the recent present have had many public health issues that were hard on them, and they had to deal with these problems more than men did. However, they have overcome some of these issues, but there are still issues in the public health’s area women are still dealing with. Unfortunately, women’s issues were only mentioned if they had to do with maternity care only, and rather than that they were ignored. Anything beyond maternity care was not on the spot for women, and that had them to go through a rough patch. In our class we had different reading examples that showed the meaning of this one-sided thinking from society back in the days. Also, one of these reading examples was talking about how we should go beyond this issue. Healthcare provider in the public health field or other are obligated to help people regardless their gender. Neither women nor men ought to be treated differently because of their physical or biolog ical anatomy; and they should be treated equally rather than restricting them in one category. Sadly, most of the issues that are concerned in the public health fields about women are related on their abilities to be good human reproducers, and they focus on them most of the time. For example, an article, which was written by Marcia Inhorn in title of â€Å"Defining Women’s Health: A Dozen Massages from More Than 150 Ethnographies† remarks this issue. She mentions, â€Å"The medical and public health fields devoted toShow MoreRelatedWhy Did You Become Interested From The Bsph Program?1205 Words   |  5 Pageslearn more about the health field through various camps and programs. One of the programs that I attended was at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the focus of the program was to expose first generation college students to the various allied health programs at UNC. Throughout the program professors and admission representatives from various dep artments gave a short presentation to the attendees, but the presentation from the Gillings School of Global Public Health was the one that resonatedRead MoreThe Nursing Career1082 Words   |  4 Pagesecological viewpoint. A public health nurse can practice in clinics, health departments, faith-based organizations, mobile vans, homes, correctional facilities, occupations, community centers and hospitals. There is no setting that a public health nurse cannot practice to deliver a community-focused intervention. Delivering a successful intervention can be challenging but with learning competencies and skills, the PHN can achieve results. At all times the focus must be on the health needs of an entireRead MorePublic Health And Academic Writing980 Words   |  4 Pagesand writing in his or her particular field of study, a truly informed individual must also possess the ability to understand the variety of ways that knowledge is made in other disciplines. Having a broad contextual background to draw from will allow a person to make deeper realizations when reading work shared by fellow practitioners of the same field. One academic area outside of those I am most familiar with is public health. Within the sphere of public health, academic writing is published to educateRead MorePublic Health1163 Words   |  5 PagesPUBLIC HEALTH Health is the word used to describe how your body feels. Being healthy is important because it makes you feel good and live longer. The field of health psychology is focused on promoting health as well as the prevention and treatment of disease and illness. Health psychologists also focus on understanding how people react, cope and recover from illness. Some health psychologists work to improve the health care system and the government s approach to health care policy. HealthRead MoreNursing Shortage: Causes, Concerns, and Impacts1839 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasingly desperate for an employment opportunity, the nursing field or profession continues to have a huge need for staff. According to studies by employment services, the nursing profession is regularly ranked as one of the hot hiring sectors of the coming decade. Nonetheless, the supply of staff in this field seems not to catch up with the demand for nurses despite of the increased rate of unemployment. The need for more nurses in this field in the future originates from the aging baby boomer populationRead MoreHealth Problem Of Public Health Care902 Words   |  4 PagesHealth problems in the developing countries like India take on enormous proportions because of lack health education and preventive medicine. Growing up in India surrounded by poor sanitation, lack of hygiene and clean drinking water and scarcity of primary health services, I began to realize the necessity of public health care. Furthermore it saddens to think that in South Asia there is much superstition and age old practices that resist the spread of modern medicine. It perplexes me that even asRead MoreI Visited Wilmington Health Access For Teens For A Field Experience Observation1211 Words   |  5 Pagesvisited Wilmington Health Access for Teens for a field experience observation. Through this experience I observed different types of people seeking care in the clinic. Some people I saw in the clinic were African American females with children and Caucasian females. People who come into the clinic are seeking medical assistance and following up on routine examination appointments. I learned of different barriers when accessing care at the clinic and types of presenting health problems among adolescentsRead MoreMy Views On Public Health Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesMy interests in public health have a link with my childhood. Being raised and born in a rural area of a small developing country, Bangladesh, from my childhood, I witnessed a lot of avoidable premature deaths and sufferings from diseases among people in my homeland. In particular, I noticed that women and children living in rural areas are the most frequent victims of these adverse consequences. During high school, I thought that the treatment of the sick mothers or children would be the best wayRead MoreA Career in Public Health Essay examples1247 Words   |  5 Pageswhile we were focused on maintaining our cars and everything else around us, somehow we forgot to consider our most valuable and complex asset, our bodies. How is it that the maintenance of a human health and its performance got over looked and left to fall through the cracks? The need for public health specialists†¦ Until recent years, the thought of individuals not only living to their 80’s and 90’s but having vibrant lives, was concept that did not appear to go hand-in-hand. However, today theRead MoreThe Medical Field, No Observation Goes Without Documentation1369 Words   |  6 PagesIn the medical field, no observation goes without documentation; in other words, if it was not documented, it never happened. Therefore, health care professionals must place a great importance on where, when, and how he/she records patient information. Traditionally, patient data has been filed papers kept by the hospital but in the last eight years, hospitals have been encouraged to transfer to Electronic Health Records (Balestra). Electronic health records are digital sources of patient information

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Negative Effect of Globalization in the Philippine Economy

Adverse Effect of Globalization in the Philippine Economy Introduction The thrive of globalization has opened gates for economies both nationally and globally. The last three decades saw many governments acquiring the systems of free markets, thereby, maximizing their own potential and opportunities for international business as well as investment. Whats more, as a result of globalization governments all over the world worked towards the elimination of limitations to business and trade of goods and services across the world. With these new opportunities having hit the global economies so hard, industries took advantage by constructing new business corporations in foreign markets with their associates. This gave international†¦show more content†¦Well, yes and no. Because its complexity makes it a â€Å"wicked problem† (a notion proposed by Rittel and Webber1, two Berkeley professors, in 1973), characterized by having multiple causes, being parameter resistant, and generally insoluble; with solutions spawning other problems. 21st century globalizations success hinges on the taut, â€Å"just-in- time † condition of modern supply lines, and actual or artificial shortages now cause Tsunamis, not ripples. It is one origin of globalizations â€Å"wicked† condition. Take the oil situation. As the United Statess currency depreciation reorients their economy towards globalization, Oil prices will rise despite constant output. Because although oil is dollar denominated, producers incur costs in a basket of currencies. The weak dollar therefore necessitates an price increase to maintain equivalent output. But others maintain that oil prices are pushing the dollar down. Previous revenues were kept in the formerly strong dollar, letting them import more from Europe than America. The weakening dollar encouraged them to transfer to Euro. Businessmen now predict oil prices using the US dollar - Euro exchange, which has mimicked the commoditys movements since 20052, suggesting a direct correlation. Either imply a worsening globalShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Stiglitz A Recipient Of The Nobel Prize Economics, And Andrew Charlton930 Words   |  4 Pagesto theoretical applications, the book elaborates on the proposal, which is fair trade, and how it can initiate development in a country. Besides providing a holistic and substantive perspective on fair trade, the book also expounds on the effects of globalization on world trade and the development of third world countries. The book is useful to the study, as it will provide a clearer and better understanding of fair trade and support the arguments in the study. The main limitation of the study isRead MoreThe Effects of Globalization on the Phillipines and India Essay2038 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effects of Globalization on the Philippines and India Lloyd Wood In this paper the author will briefly look at the globalization of two nations, the Philippines and India. We will look at each country before globalization, the turning point where globalization began for each nation, and finally the effects of globalization on each country. This writer believes it can be successfully argued that the globalization of each country has improved the overall standard of living in eachRead More A Truly Global World Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pagescourse, the technological world is not the only realm influenced by the sphere of globalization. Today, the term globalization engenders economic interdependence, the political structure, rapid transit, and wide scale communication. Still, localization is a formidable presence, and it must be recognized as such. Obviously, there are definite costs and benefits to both lines of thinking. According to Rosenau, globalization is boundary-broadening, a term used to illustrate the spread of goods, peopleRead MoreIndian Bpos- Waking Up the Philippines Opportunity1435 Words   |  6 PagesIndian BPOs- Waking up the Philippines Opportunity Analysis The Indian labor market has always been key in globalization, and has been attractive due to its low wages, and the scientific and managerial talent found in the country. The main issues faced in this case mostly stem from the loss of the tax abatement in India, in addition to the weakening US dollar. Due to these two issues, doing business in India versus other fruitful options like Philippines becomes very expensive. These are majorRead MoreGlobalization and the Destruction of the Philippines2113 Words   |  9 Pages1995, the Philippines joined the globalized trade, and since then Philippines lost its rich culture and land, economic globalization had a colossal negative impact to the nation. The Philippines is in an upheaval, as economic growth from globalization has caused an immense social gap and distress in the nation’s health system. One can argue that economically, it is flourishing due to foreign currency remittance, but the Philippines still lags behind its Sou theast Asian neighbours. Effect of earlyRead MoreOver the last couple of years, the world has become increasingly globalized. After the cold war,900 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess of globalization. The effect of globalization is uneven in different parts of the world and globalization suggests a world full of persistent cultural interaction and exchange, contacts and connection, mixture and movement. Different people view globalization in different ways. Some people feel it has done more good than harm, while others believe it has done more harm than good. This essay will give a deep intuitive understanding of globalization, world systems, and how globalization has affectedRead MoreThe Deviant Globalization From Gilman s Perspective1422 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is a developmental process of transnational integration, which mainly reflects on the economic aspect. The moral standards and legal systems in different regions are changing differently along with the progress of the society. However, when mentioned globalization, people mostly refer to mainstream globalization. Deviant globalization- the rebarbative dark side of the global economy- is ignored constantly. There is a distinctive evaluation from Nils Gilman- deviant globalization isRead MoreGlobalization: Human Migration3737 Words   |  15 PagesThe Philippines: Globalization and Migration By Anny Misa Hefti Globalization is synonymous to the phenomenon of acceleration. For the past 25 years rapid changes have affected political, economic and social developments. Acceleration is seen in vast technological changes, media revolution, global economic integration and massive changes in production systems and labour markets. All these rapid increases in transnational flow of capital, trade and technology have marked its effects on internationalRead MoreGlobalisation in the Global South Social Policy1500 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalisation in the Global South Social Policy The recurrent issues on the real effects of globalization to the creation of social policies in Global South countries continue to fuel various debates in political, sociological and economic arena, as its influence in the social sector grows extensively. These issues provoke attacks claiming that globalisation only protects the welfare of Western countries and continue to take advantage of those in the Global South. It is almost always thought toRead MoreThe World System Theory And Developmental Studies1442 Words   |  6 PagesForces of globalization are real and their influences are felt everywhere. It entails free trade, free mobility of both financial and real capital, and rapid diffusion of products, technologies, and information and consumption patterns. As indicated in the 1999 World Survey on the Role of Women in Development, in the age of globalization, Governments’ policy choices have shifted in favor of openness of trade and financial flow. Policies calling for lighter regulation of industry, privatization

Monday, December 9, 2019

Jordans Reaction on Israeli Settlement

Question: Discuss about theJordans Reaction on Israeli Settlement. Answer: Background Israeli settlements mean lands inhabited by Israeli citizens within in the area of what the international community calls the Palestine territories. These types of settlements exist in the West Bank and East Jerusalem including some areas of Syria in the Golan Heights. Recently, as a part of another critical expansion policy, Israeli Prime Minister has approved a huge construction plan for 2,500 homes in occupied Palestine territory[1]. According to Amnesty International, this settlement policy is inequitable and will infringe the human rights in Palestine. Several countries along with the US have stated their concerns related to this issue. US Secretary of State John Kerry has warned Israel and said if Israel continues to build settlements on Palestinian lands, then the countrys democracy will be in danger. Jordan is another country that is strictly opposing the Israeli settlements on the areas of Palestine. Fact Assessment Earlier, The Government of Jordan already warned Israel to close down all entry of Jewish visitors to Al-Aqsa compound. Jordanian government spokesman Mohammad al-Momani stated that Israel is breaching international law and the understanding between two countries. Now, continuous settlements built by Israel on Palestinian area have again forced Jordanian Government to issue another warning to Israel. However, the prime minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu along with the Defense Minister, Avigdor Lieberman has clearly stated that they will keep building settlements in the future also[2]. On the other hand, some officials of Israel have stated that they will build settlements within their own border and will not continue to build settlements in Palestinian areas. However, it is clear that Israel is not worrying about Kerry and they are waiting for the President of the U.S to comment on this matter. Observation In this situation, the plans of Israel to build more settlements on the areas of Palestine have received a major shock after Jordan warned them drastically. Jordan government not only warned Israel but also threatened them that their 20 years old peace treaty might be in danger if Israel does not halt settlement plans[3]. Jordanian government also showed their concerns by stating that Israel is continuously trying to change the religious status of a major Muslim memorial in Jerusalem which they will not tolerate. Another incident provides clear evidence that Jordans stand is in the favor of Palestine. In a recent historic UN Israel settlement vote, the 15 member council passed a resolution related to Israeli settlements. According to this settlement, Israel must cease all their activities related to settlement in the occupied Palestine area that also includes East Jerusalem[4]. Jordanian government has directly supported this resolution and said that this vote will help to develop a two-state solution. Conclusion In the end, it can be concluded that Jordan and its Government is not supporting Israels settlement activities. They have welcomed the historic UN Security Council resolution that has state against Israel. Now, the world is looking at Donald Trump and what he has to say about these activities of Israel. Reference List dailysabah.com,.. "Israel To Expand Settlements In Palestinian Territory". Dailysabah. https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2017/01/26/israel-to-expand-settlements-in-palestinian-territory, 2017. Gelvin, James L. The Israel-Palestine conflict: One hundred years of war. Cambridge University Press, 2014. https://indianexpress.com,. 2017. "Jordan Praises Historic UN Israel Settlement Vote". The Indian Express. https://indianexpress.com/article/world/jordan-praises-historic-un-israel-settlement-vote-4443507/, 2017. Maoz, Moshe. Palestinian Leadership on the West Bank (RLE Israel and Palestine): The Changing Role of the Arab Mayors Under Jordan and Israel. Routledge, 2015.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Lung Cancer Essay Research Paper Lung cancer 2 free essay sample

Lung Cancer Essay, Research Paper ? Lung malignant neoplastic disease is an uncontrolled, highly deathly division of cells in the lung? ( World Book, ? Lung Cancer? ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Lung Cancer Essay Research Paper Lung cancer 2 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two major types of lung malignant neoplastic disease include little and non-small cell. Many different hazard factors contribute to lung malignant neoplastic disease. There are legion symptoms that are hard to observe in the early phases of lung malignant neoplastic disease. Doctors use particular machines to observe the badness of each phase. Treatments and remedies differ in each single instance. Lung malignant neoplastic disease is a immense job because it is the taking cause of malignant neoplastic disease decease in both work forces and adult females ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Both little cell and non-small cell lung malignant neoplastic disease affect different types of cells in the lung and spread in different ways. Small cell lung malignant neoplastic disease is limited to a subdivision of the thorax known as the hemithorax and regional lymph nodes ( World Book, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Small cell lung malignant neoplastic disease normally exists early and spreads out suddenly ( Virtual Hospital, 3/23/99 ) . Non-small cell lung malignant neoplastic disease is foremost confined to the lung, so spreads throughout the thorax ( MSKCC, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Small cell lung malignant neoplastic disease spreads rapidly ( World Book, ? Lung Cancer? ) . In the United States 85 to 90 per centum of all lung malignant neoplastic disease instances are related to smoke. Cigarette smoke is the chief cause of lung malignant neoplastic disease ( Scientific American, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Second-hand fume, inhaled by non-smokers, increases a individual? s opportunity of geting lung malignant neoplastic disease ( Beau Halton ) . Work force who smoke increase their opportunity of deceasing from lung malignant neoplastic disease about 23 times and adult females increase their opportunities 13 times ( ? Lung Cancer Awareness Campaign, ? 3/23/99 ) . However, lung malignant neoplastic disease may besides be caused by long term exposure to radon, a of course present radioactive gas ( SIRS, ? What is Cancer? ? ) . The residue of burned crude oil and coal can lend to lung malignant neoplastic disease ( Scientific American, ? Lung Cancer? ) . The development of lung malignant neoplastic disease seems to be besides affected by cistrons. The cistron histid ine three blocks the formation of tumours, so a faulty cistron could do one more likely to organize a tumour ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer? ) . In the early phases of lung malignant neoplastic disease, symptoms are difficult to acknowledge. Symptoms normally include a relentless cough, coughing up blood, weight loss, thorax or shoulder hurting, swelling in the face or cervix, shortness of breath, and a gruff voice ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Repeated instances of pneumonia, a virus in which the lungs become inflamed, or bronchitis, redness of the mucose membrane of the bronchia tubings, may be warning marks for lung malignant neoplastic disease ( Scientific American, ? Lun g Cancer? ) . Bone hurting, concerns, and giddiness are observations that the lung malignant neoplastic disease has spread ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer? ) . New engineering is used on patients when a doctor suspects lung malignant neoplastic disease. Chest X raies are used to analyze the lungs for tumours ( World Book, ? Lung Cancer? ) . A CAT scan, series of x-ray images put together by a computing machine, is besides performed ( Scientific American, ? Lung Cancer? ) . During a biopsy, a physician removes a little sum of tissue and examines it. A microscope is used to analyse cells in order to find whether a tumour is malignant, be givening to turn and distribute throughout the organic structure ( MSKCC, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Treatment depends on the type of lung malignant neoplastic disease, the size of the tumour, the location of the tumour, the phase of unwellness, the age of the patient, and the overall wellness of the patient ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer ) . Surgery is performed to take the tumour if there is no opportunity that the malignant neoplastic disease has spread ( Scientific American, ? Lung Cancer? ) . If the disease has spread, so intervention will frequently include radiation therapy and chemotherapy ( MSKCC, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Radiation therapy is based on the usage of ionising radiation to destruct cancerous cells ( Microsoft, ? Radiology? ) . Chemotherapy is intervention of a disease utilizing drugs that straight poison the disease being ( Microsoft, ? Chemotherapy? ) . Early phase non-small cell lung malignant neoplastic diseases are best treated surgically and subsequently present non-small cell lung malignant neoplastic diseases are best treated with either chemotherapy, radiation th erapy, or a combination of the two ( Virtual Hospital, 3/23/99 ) . For little cell lung malignant neoplastic diseases, chemotherapy by itself or with radiation therapy is used alternatively of surgery ( Scientific American? Lung Cancer? ) . Approximately 152,700 people die each twelvemonth on history of the colossal lung malignant neoplastic disease job ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer? ) . Small and non-small cell lung malignant neoplastic diseases are the two chief types of lung malignant neoplastic disease. White males turn out to be the most affected from lung malignant neoplastic disease. High-fat diets and tobacco users with household histories of heavy smoke are important factors lending to lung malignant neoplastic disease ( Beau Halton ) . More than two million American tobacco users have died from smoking-related lung malignant neoplastic disease since 1964, when the Surgeon General released the first study on smoking and wellness ( ? Lung Cancer Awareness Campaign, ? 3/23/99 ) . Smoke is shown to be the primary cause of lung malignant neoplastic disease and people still take to smoke. The great bulk of lung malignant neoplastic disease instances could be prevented and 1000s of lives could be saved each twelvemonth if people quit smoke ( Microsoft, ? Lung Cancer ) .

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

10 Tips to Avoid Getting Stung By a Bee

10 Tips to Avoid Getting Stung By a Bee Being stung by a bee or wasp is never fun, and for those with bee sting allergies, it can be downright deadly. Fortunately, most bee stings are entirely avoidable. Bees, wasps, and hornets sting primarily to defend themselves, so the key to avoiding bee stings is to make sure the bees dont feel threatened by you. 1. Dont Wear Perfumes or Colognes In other words, dont smell like a flower. Bees can detect and follow strong scents, and wearing perfumes or colognes will attract nectar-seeking bees and wasps from a distance. Once they find the source of the flower smell (you), theyre likely to investigate by landing on you or buzzing around your body. 2. Avoid Wearing Brightly Colored Clothing, Especially Floral Prints This goes along with #1 - dont look like a flower, either. Theres a reason beekeepers wear white. If youre wearing bright colors, you are just asking bees to land on you. Keep your outdoor wear limited to khaki, white, beige, or other light colors if you dont want to attract bees. 3. Be Careful What You Eat Outdoors Sugary foods and drinks will attract bees and wasps for sure. Before you take a sip of your soda, look inside the can or glass and make sure a wasp hasnt gone in for a taste. Fruits also attract the stinging crowd, so pay attention when snacking on ripe fruits outdoors. Dont leave your peach pits or orange peels sitting around. 4. Dont Walk Barefoot Bees may nectar on clover blossoms and other small flowers in your lawn and some wasps make their nests in the ground. If you step on or near a bee, its going to try to protect itself and sting you. But if youre wearing shoes, its only going to hurt itself, not you. 5. Try Not to Wear Loose-Fitting Clothes Bees and wasps might just find their way up your pant leg or into your shirt if you give them an easy opening. Once inside, they will be trapped against your skin. And whats your first impulse when you feel something crawling around inside your clothing? You slap at it, right? Thats a recipe for disaster. Opt for clothing with tighter cuffs, and keep baggy shirts tucked in. 6. Stay Still The worst thing you can do when a wasp flies around your head is swat at it. What would you do if someone took a swing at you? If a bee, wasp, or hornet comes near you, just take a deep breath and stay calm. Its just trying to determine if you are a flower or some other item useful to it, and once it realizes youre just a person, it will fly away. 7. Keep Your Car Windows Rolled Up Bees and wasps have an uncanny knack for getting themselves trapped in cars, where they will buzz around in a panic trying to find a way out. If youre driving the car at the time, this can certainly be unsettling. But wasps and bees cant get inside a car thats closed up, so keep the windows rolled up whenever possible. If you do find yourself giving a ride to an unwanted stinging insect, pull over when its safe to do so and roll your windows down. Dont try to swat at it while you are driving! 8. Rinse Your Garbage and Recycling Cans and Keep Lids on Them Wasps love empty soda and beer bottles and will check out any food waste in your garbage, too. Dont let food residue build up on your garbage cans. Rinse them well now and then, and always put tight-fitting lids on them to keep wasps away from your garbage. This can substantially cut down on the number of wasps hanging around your yard. 9. Dont Hang out in the Flower Garden If youre really worried about bee stings, dont hang out where the bees are most numerous. Bees spend most of their time and energy collecting nectar and pollen from flowers. Dont get in their way. If youre deadheading flowers or gathering them for an arrangement, keep an eye out for bees and wait until theyve moved on to another flower. 10. Call a Professional to Have Unwanted Bees, Wasps, or Hornets Removed Nothing makes a stinging insect angrier than when someone disturbs or destroys its home. Professional beekeepers or pest control experts can remove wasp or hornet nests or bee swarms safely, without putting you at risk for stings.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Oliver Goldsmiths Classic Essay on the Man in Black

Oliver Goldsmith's Classic Essay on the Man in Black Best known for his comic play She Stoops to Conquer and the novel The Vicar of Wakefield, Oliver Goldsmith was also one of the most prominent essayists of the 18th century. The Character of the Man in Black (originally published in the Public Ledger) appears in Goldsmiths most popular essay collection, The Citizen of the World. Though Goldsmith said that the Man in Black was modeled on his father, an Anglican curate, more than one critic has observed that the character bears a striking resemblance to the author: In fact, Goldsmith himself seems to have had difficulty reconciling his philosophic opposition to charity with his own tenderness toward the poorthe conservative with the man of feeling. . . . As foolishly luxurious as Goldsmith may have considered [the Man in Blacks] behavior, he apparently found it natural and almost unavoidable for a man of sentiment.(Richard C. Taylor, Goldsmith as Journalist . Associated University Presses, 1993) After reading The Character of the Man in Black, you may find it worthwhile to compare the essay with Goldsmiths A City Night-Piece and with George Orwells Why Are Beggars Despised? Letter 26: The Character of the Man in Black, With Some Instances of His Inconsistent Conduct To the Same. 1 Though fond of many acquaintances, I desire an intimacy only with a few. The Man in Black, whom I have often mentioned, is one whose friendship I could wish to acquire, because he possesses my esteem. His manners, it is true, are tinctured with some strange inconsistencies; and he may be justly termed a humorist in a nation of humorists. Though he is generous even to profusion, he affects to be thought a prodigy of parsimony and prudence; though his conversation be replete with the most sordid and selfish maxims, his heart is dilated with the most unbounded love. I have known him profess himself a man-hater, while his cheek was glowing with compassion; and, while his looks were softened into pity, I have heard him use the language of the most unbounded ill-nature. Some affect humanity and tenderness, others boast of having such dispositions from nature; but he is the only man I ever knew who seemed ashamed of his natural benevolence. He takes as much pains to hide his feelings, as any hypocrite would to conceal his indifference; but on every unguarded moment the mask drops off, and reveals him to the most superficial observer. 2 In one of our late excursions into the country, happening to discourse upon the provision that was made for the poor in England, he seemed amazed how any of his countrymen could be so foolishly weak as to relieve occasional objects of charity, when the laws had made such ample provision for their support. In every parish-house, says he, the poor are supplied with food, clothes, fire, and a bed to lie on; they want no more, I desire no more myself; yet still they seem discontented. I am surprised at the inactivity of our magistrates in not taking up such vagrants, who are only a weight upon the industrious; I am surprised that the people are found to relieve them, when they must be at the same time sensible that it in some measure encourages idleness, extravagance, and imposture. Were I to advise any man for whom I had the least regard, I would caution him by all means not to be imposed upon by their false pretences; let me assure you, sir, they are imposters, every one of them; and rather merit a prison than relief. 3 He was proceeding in this strain earnestly, to dissuade me from an imprudence of which I am seldom guilty, when an old man, who still had about him the remnants of tattered finery, implored our compassion. He assured us that he was no common beggar, but forced into the shameful profession to support a dying wife and five hungry children. Being prepossessed against such falsehoods, his story had not the least influence upon me; but it was quite otherwise with the Man in Black: I could see it visibly operate upon his countenance, and effectually interrupt his harangue. I could easily perceive, that his heart burned to relieve the five starving children, but he seemed ashamed to discover his weakness to me. While he thus hesitated between compassion and pride, I pretended to look another way, and he seized this opportunity of giving the poor petitioner a piece of silver, bidding him at the same time, in order that I should hear, go work for his bread, and not tease passengers with suc h impertinent falsehoods for the future. 4 As he had fancied himself quite unperceived, he continued, as we proceeded, to rail against beggars with as much animosity as before: he threw in some episodes on his own amazing prudence and economy, with his profound skill in discovering impostors; he explained the manner in which he would deal with beggars, were he a magistrate; hinted at enlarging some of the prisons for their reception, and told two stories of ladies that were robbed by beggarmen. He was beginning a third to the same purpose, when a sailor with a wooden leg once more crossed our walks, desiring our pity, and blessing our limbs. I was for going on without taking any notice, but my friend looking wistfully upon the poor petitioner, bid me stop, and he would show me with how much ease he could at any time detect an impostor. 5 He now, therefore, assumed a look of importance, and in an angry tone began to examine the sailor, demanding in what engagement he was thus disabled and rendered unfit for service. The sailor replied in a tone as angrily as he, that he had been an officer on board a private ship of war, and that he had lost his leg abroad, in defence of those who did nothing at home. At this reply, all my friends importance vanished in a moment; he had not a single question more to ask: he now only studied what method he should take to relieve him unobserved. He had, however, no easy part to act, as he was obliged to preserve the appearance of ill-nature before me, and yet relieve himself by relieving the sailor. Casting, therefore, a furious look upon some bundles of chips which the fellow carried in a string at his back, my friend demanded how he sold his matches; but, not waiting for a reply, desired in a surly tone to have a shillings worth. The sailor seemed at first surprised at his demand, b ut soon recollected himself, and presenting his whole bundle, Here master, says he, take all my cargo, and a blessing into the bargain. 6 It is impossible to describe with what an air of triumph my friend marched off with his new purchase: he assured me that he was firmly of opinion that those fellows must have stolen their goods who could thus afford to sell them for half value. He informed me of several different uses to which those chips might be applied; he expatiated largely upon the savings that would result from lighting candles with a match, instead of thrusting them into the fire. He averred, that he would as soon have parted with a tooth as his money to those vagabonds, unless for some valuable consideration. I cannot tell how long this panegyric upon frugality and matches might have continued, had not his attention been called off by another object more distressful than either of the former. A woman in rags, with one child in her arms, and another on her back, was attempting to sing ballads, but with such a mournful voice that it was difficult to determine whether she was singing or crying. A wretch, who i n the deepest distress still aimed at good-humour, was an object my friend was by no means capable of withstanding: his vivacity and his discourse were instantly interrupted; upon this occasion his very dissimulation had forsaken him. Even in my presence he immediately applied his hands to his pockets, in order to relieve her; but guess his confusion, when he found he had already given away all the money he carried about him to former objects. The misery painted in the womans visage was not half so strongly expressed as the agony in his. He continued to search for some time, but to no purpose, till, at length recollecting himself, with a face of ineffable good-nature, as he had no money, he put into her hands his shillings worth of matches.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Capitalism - cause of Global Economic Crisis Essay

Capitalism - cause of Global Economic Crisis - Essay Example Roubini has little doubts about the fact that capitalism is being doomed because the governments have failed to find out solutions to the problems caused by the system of market economy. The governments and policy makers took a number of different steps to bring the economy back on track but all policy measures taken to prevent the downfall of economic system failed one after the other. As the last resort the governments are trying to bring stability to the economy by cutting the expenditures however this will not be able to bring the economy back to track until new taxes are levied or the previous raised. Most of the countries that are following the principle of market economy have failed to restore the living standard of the public despite giving salary raises and subsidizing commodities because the effect of raised taxes is much higher as compared to the monetary assistances provided by the governments. Injecting more money into the failing economy in the form of bank bailouts is not an available option now for most of the countries because of the increasing political and public pressures because such measures are taken at the expense of public welfare expenditures which is totally unacceptable to the already suffering people, moreover another series of bank bailouts is also economically unfeasible. Currency depreciation is an option because a weaker currency and better trade balance can restore the economic growth but rendering the currencies weak is not an option for economically advanced countries therefore currency wars are currently in order. The Eurozone countries managed to help their cause a bit by the establishment of the European Financial Stabilization Facility but in the current circumstances the ESFS will not be able to pay bailouts for countries as big as Italy or Spain because of the limited assets whereas adding to the assets of ESFS is not possible because currently no country in Europe could sponsor such a move and this will receive resista nce from countries like Germany. In effect, the capitalist system of economy has stuck itself in a circle of self-destruction as suggested by Karl Marx where jobs are being cut because of the lack of demand in the market and this cutting of jobs is further adding to the lack of demand resulting in more job cuts and so on and this is the approach which has been adopted by the followers of the Keynesian system. The world currently is facing the problems which were predicted by the critics of capitalism hundreds of years ago such as poverty, unemployment, hopelessness, lack of basic facilities of life and the most important of all which can be considered as the root cause of these problems is the increasing inequality between people (Roubini, 2011). In the end Roubini suggests that there is a need of â€Å"investing in human capital, skills and social safety nets to increase productivity† and this can surely be the only possible solution to the present economic crisis. According to Roubini the present economic system based on market economy has essentially failed to provide effective solution the problems faced by man therefore a modified capitalist model is required to take over. Sen on the other hand gives prime stress to find out what exactly is the problem with the economic system of the present time and put forwards

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Organizational Analysis and Change Project Research Proposal

Organizational Analysis and Change Project - Research Proposal Example (Aaker, 1991) When message relevance is low, individuals will not actively process the information in the advertisement, but will instead rely on peripheral message cues to form or change attitudes. Brand Identity is that element of customer perception and awareness which has its focus in the results of a certain kind of projection through the brand equity building measures. This calls for an integrative model which will combine the basic elements of the brand identity and brand equity concepts so as to create a platform for the effective discussion of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. This has been of special relevance for the Coca Cola company as far as its foray into target market and product variation is concerned. (Kotler, 1997) The modern day organisation depends to a great extent on the contribution and quality of its human capital. The human capital may be defined as that element of the organisation's operational sphere that is a living, breathing part of the activities that put the innate resources and factors of production into application. This application results in profits arising out of the activities of the human capital and the efficiency with which this resource carries out its tasks. This in turn, has a bearing on the achievement of the organisation's goals. (Johnson, 1996. P 13 to 18) Business Partner The first role of the human resource in today's organisation is that of a business partner. This has come to the fore with the emergence of various service oriented companies that provide intensive marketing services along with the products that are being produced. The emergence of a marketing network has been crucial to companies like Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance, Oriflame Cosmetics and many others. (Green, 2002. P 111) The business partner method operates along the following lines, as depicted in the diagram below: Branch Manager ' Sales Team Manager ' Team of Business Partners (Sales Agent) (Green, 2002) These business partners work independently from home or under the name of their own business in order to cater to people exclusively and bring the products and services of the company to the doorstep of the independent clients. The role of these business partners is to bring business to the company by exploring their personal networks so as to earn commissions on the sales that they make. This is a formal level of institutionalised operations where the organisation profits greatly. This is done by pushing the product in quarters where the effects of regular marketing and promotion cannot reach. It is also an elevated level of salesman ship where the sales agents are offered a share in the business that they make. The advantage of this is that the business partners take a personal interest in the development of a clientele. (Green, 2002. P 111) Further, this serves the two fold purpose of sales and promotion. While there might not be immediate sales in some cases,

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Islamic Pottery Essay Example for Free

Islamic Pottery Essay Medieval Islamic pottery occupied a geographical position between Chinese ceramics and the pottery of the Byzantine Empire and Europe. For most of the period it can fairly be said to have been between the two in terms of aesthetic achievement and influence as well, borrowing from China and exporting to and influencing Byzantium and Europe. The use of drinking and eating vessels in gold and silver, the ideal in ancient Rome and Persia as well as medieval Christian societies, is prohibited by the Hadiths, with the result that pottery and glass were used for tableware by Muslim elites, as pottery (but less often glass) also was in China, but was much rarer in Europe and Byzantium. Islamic restrictions In the same way Islamic restrictions greatly discouraged figurative wall-painting, encouraging the architectural use of schemes of decorative tiles, which are the most distinctive and original speciality of Islamic ceramics. Era of Islamic Pottery The era of Islamic pottery started around 622. From 633, Muslims armies moved rapidly towards Persia, Byzantium, Mesopotimia, Anatolia, Egypt and later Andalusia. Early History of Islamic Pottery The early history of Islamic pottery remains somewhat obscure and speculative as little evidence has survived. Apart from tiles which escaped destruction due to their use in architectural decoration of buildings and mosques, much early medieval pottery vanished. The Muslim world inherited significant pottery industries in Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, North Africa (African Red Slip) and later other regions. Early Medieval (622-1200) A distinct Muslim style in pottery was not firmly established until the 9th century in Iraq (formerly Mesopotamia), Syria and Persia. During this period pieces mainly used white tin-glaze. Information on earlier periods is very limited. This is largely due to the lack of surviving specimens in good condition which also limits the interest in the study of ceramics of these periods. The most highly regarded technique of this centre is the use of calligraphy in the decoration of vessels. Chinese influence on Islamic Pottery During the Abbasid dynasty pottery production gained momentum, largely using tin glazes mostly in the form of opaque white glaze. Some historians, such as Arthur Lane, attribute the rise of such industry to Chinese influence. Three main phases According to Lane, the influence of Chinese pottery progressed in three main phases.  ·The first contact with China took place in 751 when the Arabs defeated the Chinese at the Battle of Talas. It has been argued that imprisoned Chinese potters and paper makers could have taught the Muslims the art of pottery and paper-making. In 800’s Chinese stoneware and porcelain reached the Abbasids.  ·The second phase took place in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, a period noted for the decline of pottery industry following the fall of the Seljuk dynasty. This period also saw the invasion of the Mongols who brought Chinese pottery traditions.  ·The third phase was in the fifteenth century, when much of this influence came through imports made from Tang, Song and Ming dynasties at the hand of Zheng He. Islamic innovations From between the eighth and eighteenth centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacifiedglazing, for the production of tin-glazed pottery, was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. Middle (1200–1400) By this period the distinctive Islamic tradition of decorated wall tiles had emerged, and continued to develop together with vessel pottery in a way unique to Islamic art. The Seljuks brought new and fresh inspiration to the Muslim world, attracting artists, craftsmen and potters from all regions including Egypt. In addition to continuing the production of similar (although more refined) tin and lustre glaze ceramics, the Seljuks (in Persia) were credited for the introduction of a new type sometimes known as Faience. This is made from a hard white frit paste coated with transparent alkaline glaze. Examples of Islamic Period Pottery  ·Glazed pottery  ·Unglazed pottery Glazed pottery Glazed pottery is typical for the Islamic Period in Egypt, but there is evidence that is was already introduced in the Byzantine Period (Engeman 1990). In contrast to Faience and the glazed materials of the Pharaonic period, true glass was used as glazing. Colours were produced by adding metallic oxides. When transparent it could be applied over paintings. Unglazed pottery  ·Water jugs had often filters built into the neck for keeping out the flies. Especially the examples from Egypt are produced with great delicacy.  ·Most of the pottery of daily use produced in the Islamic period (including down to today) is unglazed.  ·Vessels of uncertain function, with compact fabric: suggestions for use vary from military projectiles to storage of vintage wine.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Flexible Work Practices and Firm Characteristics Essays -- Business Ma

INTRODUCTION An increasing amount of companies are implementing flexible work practices as more US households have dual incomes, working longer hours, and labor force participation rates increase (Winder, 2009). Flexible work practices can enable workers with care giving responsibilities to perform at their peak capacity instead of conforming to standard work schedules that stifle their efforts to succeed (Glass, 2004). If, true the productivity of workers should rise with the use of flexible work practices and should be positively correlated with enhanced wage growth over time. This productivity enhancing effect should particularly lead to higher wage growth among those impeded by rigid work schedules and long hours of work, namely mothers of dependent children (Sharpe, Hermsen & Billings, 2002). However this may not be the case with women. Currently women are not on par dollar for dollar with men. Yet economists think that the gap between pay for women and men is due to different personal ch oices men and women make about personal fulfillment, child rearing and hours at work. Following this further, in the past women would choose to work less hours to allot more time to their children, but there is an increasing number of women who continue to work fulltime throughout motherhood with the help of flextime (Glass, 2004). However these women still encounter the same pattern of wage stagnation (McCrate, 2005). Parents are using flexible work options but mothers appear to be penalized for it. Previously in this paper it was stated that flextime enables workers to achieve the same or greater productivity levels than standardized schedules. So with other factors being accounted for such as personality, seniority, financial sta... ...em? American Behavioral Scientist, 44(7), 1157-1178. Goldin, C. & Katz, L. (2011). The Cost of Workplace Flexibility for High-Powered Professionals. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 638(1), 1-23. McCrate, E. (2005). Flexible Hours, Workplace Authoirty. and Compensating Wage Differentials in the US. Feminist Economics, 11(1), 11-39. Ralson, D.A. (1989). The Benefits of flextime:Real or Imagined? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 10 (4), 369-373 Ralston, D. (1990). How flexitime eases work-family tensions. Personnel, 67, 45-48. Sharpe, D. L., Hermsen, J. M., & Billings, J. (2002). Gender differences in use of alternative full-time work arrangements of married workers. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 31, 78-111. Winder, K. (2009). Flexible Work Arrangements and Wages: Do Firm Characteristics Matter.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Renaissance and Discovery

Renaissance and Discovery I The Renaissance in Italy A. The renaissance was the period when people began to adopt a rational and statistical approach to reality and rediscovered the worth and creativity of the individual. Most scholars agree that the Renaissance (which meaner â€Å"rebirth† in French) was a transition from medieval to modern times. Before the change, Europe was a fragmented feudal society with an agricultural economy with a church who dominated their thoughts and culture. Once the change happened, Europe was a growing nation, an urban economy, and people had new opinions on thought, culture, and religion.The Italian Renaissance began with the deaths of Patriarch (the â€Å"father† of humanism) and Biochip (author of the Decadence). With that, the Florentine humanist culture spread through Italy and into northern Europe. Scholars considered ‘civic humanism' describe the coalescence of humanism and civic reform. 1 . The Renaissance first shaped up w ithin the merchant cities of late medieval Italy. Italy had a cultural advantage over the rest of Europe because it had a natural gateway between East and West.Once commerce revived on a large scale, their merchants quickly mastered the business skills in organization, book keeping, cutting new markets, and securing monopolies. The trade-rich cities became powerful city-states and dominated the political and economic life around the area. The endemic warfare spawned assisted the growth of Italian cities and urban culture. The factions might have subdued the cities as they permitted each other to concentrate on. Instead, they decided to weaken each other which strengthened the merchant oligarchies of the cities.Unlike cities which were dominated by kings and princes, the Italian cities remained free to expand their own. Five major, competitive tastes evolved: the duchy of Milan, the republics of Florence and Venice, the Papal States, and the kingdom of Naples. Social strife and compe tition for political power intensified that most evolved into despotisms in order to survive. Florence was the best example of social division and anarchy. Four social groups existed within the city; the old rich, or grand, the nobles, and merchants who ruled the city.In the late 13th and early 14th centuries they began to challenge the old rich for political power. In 1457 about 30,000 people were officially considered paupers, which meant having no wealth at all. These divisions caused conflict to every level of society which added to fear of foreign intrigue. True stability did not return until the ascent to power of the Florentine banker and statesman in 1434. Medici was the wealthiest Florentine and natural statesman who controlled the city internally behind the scenes, manipulating the constitution and influencing elections.A council which was known as the Signora governed the city, these men were chosen from the most powerful guilds representing the major clothing industries, or other groups like bankers, judges, and doctors. Medici was able to keep councilors loyal to him in the Signora. His grandson Lorenz the Magnificent ruled Florence in almost totalitarian fashion during the last chaotic quarter of the 15th century. To prevent internal social conflict and foreign intrigue from stopping their cities, the dominant groups installed hi strongmen or despots. Their purpose was to maintain law and order.Since despots couldn't count on the loyalty of the populace, they worked through mercenary armies through military brokers known as conditioner. Not only was a despot subject to dismissal by oligarchies which hired him, but he was also a popular object of assassination attempts. Most city-states' ambassadors not only represented them in ceremonies and negotiations, but became their watchful eyes and ears at rival courts. Such widespread support occurred because of the main requirement for patronage of the arts and letters was what Italian cities had in abu ndance:great wealth. . Some scholars believe humanists were the champions of Catholic Christianity, opposed to the pagan teachings of Aristotle and the Scholasticism his writings nurtured. To others, it was a neutral form of historical scholarship adopted to promote above all sense of responsibility and political liberty. Humanism was the study of the Latin and Greek classics and the ancient Church Fathers for its own sake and in hope of reviving respect ancient norms and values. The Florentine Leonardo Bruin gave the name humanists to the learning that resulted from scholarly pursuits.Bruin was a star student of Manuel Chrysalis, the Byzantine scholar who opened the world of Greek scholarship to humanists when he taught in Florence. The first humanists were orators and poets who wrote original literature in classical and vernacular languages inspired by and modeled on the newly discovered works of the ancients. The study of classical and Christian antiquity existed before the Itali an Renaissance. These precedents only partially compared with the achievements of the Italian Renaissance of the 14th/1 5th centuries.Unlike their Scholastic rivals, humanists were less bound to recent tradition; nor did they focus their attention on summarizing and comparing the views of recognized authorities. Italian humanists made the full riches of Greek and Latin antiquity available to contemporary scholars. Patriarch was the â€Å"father of humanism. † He was involved in a popular revolt in Rome and served the Viscount family in Milan. His most famous contemporary work was a collection of highly introspective love sonnets to a certain Laura, who was a married woman he romantically admired from a distance.His critical textual studies, elitism, and contempt for the learning of the Scholastics were later shared by humanists. He was far more secular in orientation than his near-contemporary Dante Aligner. He had also been an avid collector of manuscripts and also assembled an encyclopedia of Greek and Roman mythology. The goal of humanist studies was wisdom eloquently spoken, both knowledge of the good and the ability to move others to sire it. Pitter Paolo Verger left a summary of the humanist concept of a liberal education. The ideal of a useful education and well rounded people inspired far- reaching reforms in traditional education.Vitiation ad Felt exemplified the ideals of humanist teaching. He had his students read the difficult works of various writers and subjected his students to vigorous physical exercise and games. Balderdash Castigation's Book of the Courtier illustrates, the rediscovered knowledge of the past was a model and a challenge to the present. The successful courtier is to be one who knows how to integrate knowledge of ancient languages and history with athletic, military, and musical skills, while at the same time practicing good manners and exhibiting a high moral character.After the fall of Constantinople to the Turks, many Greek scholars fled to Florence for refuge. This became the background against which the Florentine Platonic Academy evolved under the patronage of Cosmic De' Medici and the vision of Amarillo Fiction and Pico Della Miranda. Renaissance thinkers were attracted to the Platonic tradition and to those Church Fathers who tried to synthesize Platonic philosophy with Christian teaching. The appeal of Platonism lay in its flattering view of human nature.It's distinguished between an eternal sphere of being and the perishable world in which humans lived. Strong Platonic influence is evident in Picot's Oration on the Dignity of Man. Pico wrote the Oration as an introduction to his pretentious collection of nine hundred theses. Palpation's teaching depicted humans as the only creatures in the world who possessed the freedom to be whatever they chose and be at will to rise to the heights of angels. The humanists could become critics of tradition even when that was not their intention.Dispassio nate critical scholarship shook long standing foundations, not at the least of which were those of the medieval church. Lorenz Villa revealed the explosive character of the new learning. Although a Catholic, he became a hero to Protestant reformers. Humanists believed education should promote individual virtue and public service, hence civic humanism. Toward the end of the Renaissance, many humanists became cliquish and snobbish, and intellectual elite more concerned with narrow scholarly interests and writing pure, classical Latin than with revitalization civic and social life. . In Renaissance Italy, the values and interests of the laity were no longer subordinated to those of the clergy. This development was due in part to the church's loss of international power during the great crises of the late Middle Ages. This new perspective on life is prominent in the painting and sculpture of the high Renaissance when art and sculpture reached their full maturity. Renaissance artists wer e helped by the development of new technical skills during the 1 5th century in addition to the availability of new materials.Leonardo ad Vinci was a true master of many skills and one of the greatest painters of all time. His inventive mind foresaw modern machines as airplanes and submarines. Raphael was a man of kindness and a painter of great sensitivity, he is famous for his tender Madonna's and the great fresco in the Vatican which was a perfect example of Renaissance technique. Michelangelo excelled in a variety of arts and crafts. His David showed a great example of Renaissance devotion to harmony, symmetry, and proportion, all serving the glorification of the human form.His works were later more complex and suggested deep personal changes which marked artistically and philosophically, the passing of High Renaissance painting and the advent of a new Tyler. 4. Throughout the Renaissance, slavery flourished Just as extravagantly as art and culture did. Contemporaries looked on such slavery as a merciful act since their captors would otherwise have killed the captives. After the Black Death reduced the supply of laborers, the demand for slaves became higher. Slaves were imported from Africa, the Balkans, Constantinople, Cyprus, Crete, and the lands surrounding the Black Sea.Owners had complete dominion over their slaves which meant the power to â€Å"have, hold, sell, alienate, exchange, enjoy, rent or UN-rent, dispose of in their wills, edge soul and body, and do with in perpetuity whatsoever may please them and their heirs and no man may gainsay them. † Tartars and Africans appeared to have been the worst treated but in ancient Greece and Rome, slaves were generally accepted as family members and integrated into households. Not few women slaves became mothers of their masters' children.Fathers often adopted children of such unions and raised them as their legitimate heirs. Slaves remained a foreign and suspected presence in Italian society as upro oted and resentful people. B. Italy's Political Decline: The French Invasions (1494-1527) . Italy had always relied on internal cooperation for its peace and safety from foreign invasion (by the Turks). This was maintained during the second half of the fifteenth century thanks to an alliance known as the Treaty of Load. Around 1490 hostilities between Milan and Naples resumed.The peace that the Treaty of Load made possible ended in 1494 when Naples threatened Milan. Ludicrous made made a fatal response to these political alignments by appealing to the French for aid. Breaking an Italian rule, he invited the French to re-enter Italy and revive their dynastic claim to Naples. He hadn't noticed that France also had dynastic claims to Milan or how there would be more French territory once they encamped in Italy. 2. The French king Louis XSL resisted the temptation to invade Italy while keeping French dynastic claims in Italy alive.Such appeasement only brought about Pier's exile by a ci tizenry that was revolutionized by a radical Dominican preacher (Savonarola). Savonarola convinced the fearful Florentine that the French kings arrival was a long-delayed and fully Justified divine vengeance on their immorality. This allowed Charles to enter Florence without resistance. N the end, the Florentine proved not to be the stuff theocracies are made of. After the Italian cities reunited and ousted the French invader, Savonarola days were numbered. Eventually he was imprisoned and executed. Ludicrous IL Moor desired a French invasion only so long as it weakened his enemies, he saw events created by himself which threatened Milan. In reaction, he Joined the League of Venice which was strong enough to send Charles into retreat and end the menace he posed to Italy. 3. The French returned to Italy under Charlie's successor, Louis XII. Probably the cost corrupt pope who ever sat on the papal throne, he openly promoted the political careers of Cesar and Lucrative Boring.In Roman the pope's ally within the League of Venice continued to contest the Papal States for their loyalty. Seeing that French alliance would allow him to reestablish control, Alexander secured French favor. He annulled Louis Xi's marriage to Charles Vic's sister so he could marry Charlie's widow (Anne of Brittany). Most important Alexander agreed to abandon the League of Venice. In exchange, Cesar Boring received the sister of the king of Invader. Cesar also received land grants from Louis XII and the promise of French military aid in Roman.All was a scandalous trade-off that made it possible for the French king and the pope to realize their ambitions within Italy. In 1500 Louis and Ferdinand of Argon divided Naples between them and the pop and Cesar Boring conquered the cities of Roman without opposition. Alexander victorious son was given the title â€Å"duke of Roman. † 4. Cardinal Giuliani Della Rover succeeded Alexander VI as Pope Julius II. Julius raised the Renaissance papac y to its peak of military prowess and diplomatic intrigue, gaining him the title of â€Å"warrior pope. This humorous account purported to describe the pope's unsuccessful efforts to convince Saint Peter that he was worthy of admission to Heaven. Pop Julius drove the Venetians out of Roman and fully secured the Papal States. Realizing this long sought papal goal, he turned to the second major undertaking of his pontificate: ridding Italy of his former ally, the French invader. The French were nothing besides persistent. They invaded Italy a third time under Louse's successor, Francis l. The victory won the Concordat of Bologna from the pope in August 1516.This concordat helped keep France Catholic after the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation, but the new French entry into Italy set the stage for the first of four major wars with Spain in the first half of the sixteenth century. 5. The foreign invasions made shambles out of Italy. Machiavelli was more convinced through the more he saw. He became the Italian political unity and independence were ends which Justified any meaner. Machiavelli was impressed by the way Roman rulers and citizens defended their homeland. They possessed the ability to act decisively and heroically for the good of their country.Such romanticizes of the Roman past exaggerated both ancient virtue and contemporary failings. He also held republican ideals which he didn't want to vanish from Italy. He believed a strong and determined people could struggle successfully with fortune. He scolded the Italian people for the self-destruction their own internal feuding was causing. He wanted an end to that behavior so a reunited Italy could drive all foreign armies out. It's been argued that he wrote The Prince as a cynical satire on the way rulers behave and not as a serious recommendation of unprincipled despotic rule.But Machiavelli seems to have been in earnest when he advised rulers to discover the advantages of fraud and brutality. He app arently hoped to see a strong ruler emerge from the Medici family which had captured the papacy with the pontificate. At the same time, they retained control over the powerful territorial state in Florence. The Prince was pointedly dedicated to Lorenz De' Medici, duke of Robin, and grandson of Lorenz the Magnificent. The second Medici pope watched helplessly as the army of Emperor Charles V sacked Rome was also the year of Machiavellian death.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Economics Essay

Southwest Airlines begins a â€Å" Bags Fly Free† campaign, charging no fees for a first and second checked bag. Does this situation best represent producer– producer rivalry, consumer– consumer rivalry, or consumer– producer rivalry? Explain. Southwest Airlines â€Å"Bags Fly Free† best represent producer-producer rivalry. Consumers have so many different choices of airlines they can choose and generally most of us would like to get the most out of our money on our flights. Producer such as Southwest wants to win our business by providing promotion such as â€Å"Bags Fly Free† to entice consumers not to worry about paying bag fees at the airport. Airlines are competing with each other to win over a limited amount of customers. We as consumers want the best price and benefits with the least amount of stress. This cannot be consumer-consumer rivalry because there are plenty of airlines available to the consumers. Consumers are not limited to only Southwest Airlines so there won’t be any competiveness among consumers to fight for a seat to get to their destination. This is not consumer– producer rivalry because there is no debate in pricing. Southwest provides a price for their flight and we as the customer can either buy or not buy from Southwest. Customer cannot bargain back and forth with Southwest for a seat to their destination. This is definitely producer-producer rivalry in where Southwest believes their business direction is not to charge bag fees will be a competitive advantage over many other airlines who charges bags to fly.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Quotation Marks and Apostrophe S

Quotation Marks and Apostrophe S Quotation Marks and Apostrophe S Quotation Marks and Apostrophe S By Maeve Maddox Aika asks: how do I properly sequence s and punctuation marks? As I can’t think of any example of beginning a quotation with a disembodied ‘s, I’ll offer this guideline from the Chicago Manual of Style: . . . A term enclosed in quotation marks . . . should never be made into a possessive. 7.30 For example, you can write the Atlantic Monthly’s editor or Gone With the Wind’s admirers because the titles taking the possessive are italicized. You may not, however, do the same thing with the title of a short work such as â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn.† Titles of short works are enclosed in quotation marks. You would have to rearrange your phrasing so as not to have: â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s admirers. You’d rephrase it as admirers of â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn.† Here is a related entrance on Chicago: Q. When indicating possession of a word that ends in s, is it correct to repeat the s after using an apostrophe? For example, which is correct: â€Å"Dickens’ novel† or â€Å"Dickens’s novel†? A. Either is correct, though we prefer the latter. Please consult 7.15–18 for a full discussion of the rules for forming the possessive of proper nouns. For a discussion of the alternative practice of simply adding an apostrophe to form the possessive of proper nouns ending in s, see paragraph 7.21. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 10110 Techniques for More Precise WritingContinue and "Continue on"

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Tips for Writing Dialogue

Tips for Writing Dialogue Skillfully written dialogue will grab readers and pull them right into a story. The trick is to make it sound realistic. There are many tips for writing dialogue but everyone will find that they have their own special spin to put on this. After all, everyone has his or her own style of voice when speaking, likewise when in writing. However, there are some basic tips for writing dialogue to keep in mind next time you’re writing a story. One of the best tips for writing dialogue is to use it as a way of defining your characters. This builds a much more realistic image of your characters in the reader’s minds when they can actually â€Å"hear† how they speak. Some people are short and succinct in their speaking while others love to use eloquent and flowery words. Still others may speak with a heavy foreign accent or a very southern drawl. If you can convey this in your dialogue, naturally, then you’ll have the readers hooked. Some of the tips for writing dialogue are to make sure the dialogue is believable. The reader has to actually feel as if these characters could really be speaking. This has to be one of the most important tips for writing dialogue that you’ll need to remember. It needs to imitate what one would normally hear in the speech patterns that are all around us every day. Think about how much quicker a book will pull you along when you are reading a dialogue between the characters. It creates action and speeds up the storyline. Some of the best tips for writing dialogue include thinking of how best to hook the reader. Use action words in their speech towards each other. Make it exciting so that the reader wants to keep reading. Readers don’t really want to hear the characters saying â€Å"Ok, I’m going to the grocery store now.† Dialogue needs to be exciting, action packed or perhaps even funny. Show the reader what’s happening through dialogue rather than using boring narration. Have the characters talk about where they are going, what they are feeling, seeing or thinking through dialogue. This is one of the best tips for writing dialogue that you can keep in mind. By doing this you’re letting the reader form the pictures in their minds while being entertained. The readers enjoy figuring things out. By reading good dialogue, they can. This is much more entertaining for the reader than having everything described to them in narrative style. Use dialogue to describe previous events instead of relying on flashbacks or other cliche writing tools. This shows the readers what happened in the past that led the character to this point in the story without getting into boring narrative detail. By doing so, this accomplishes two things; first is that the readers can hear about the past event the way the character sees it and second, one gets a feel of how the character feels about what’s happened in the past. More good tips for writing dialogue would be being able to use dialogue in such a way to build tension in the plot. By using certain words and inflections, the tempo of the story line can be increased in a dramatic way. Use these tips for writing dialogue to create a great story that flows and ebbs with emotion and action. The reader needs to be able to completely lose themselves in the dialogue between characters. If one can accomplish this then you’ve grasped the important tips for writing dialogue in such a way that you have what it takes to be a successful writer.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Tiers of Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tiers of Rights - Essay Example The Supreme Court has over the years extended the fundamental rights to include right to marriage, right to contraception and also right to privacy (Smith 36). The Supreme Court uses a three-tier approach in determining the level of protection of each constitutional right. For instance, the strict scrutiny enables courts to reject any legislation that is not geared at fulfilling overriding government objective. The second tier is the intermediate scrutiny whereby the legislation must demonstrate a substantial societal interest such as extramarital affairs. The third scrutiny is a rational relationship test whereby the legislation must relate to legitimate government objective and must protect the specific constitutional rights. The upper tier constitutional rights include the fundamental rights safeguarded by constitution such as the right to freedom of association, freedom of worship, right to counsel and right against double jeopardy. Right to protection against unfair trial and cr uel punishments are also fundamental rights that form the first tier of constitutional rights (Fireside 34). ... In addition, the double jeopardy protection prohibits subsequent prosecution after the conviction, acquittal and multiple punishments for the same indictment. Accordingly, the constitutional right protects the accused from witnessing against himself since this may lead to self-incrimination (Smith 65). The right to protection against self-incrimination extends to custodial interrogation. The Fifth Amendment is clear that evidence obtained illegally cannot be admissible in prosecutions even when such evidence is obtained by torture of the accused. In the case of Miranda v, Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), Ernesto Miranda had been convicted for several charges including armed robbery, assault, attempted rape and burglary. In police custody, he had confessed to the crimes and the court found him guilty (Smith 50). However, after his appeal, the US Supreme Court ruled that his Fifth Amendment rights had been violated since the law enforcement authorities should have warned him of the right to remain silent or provide evidence in the presence of an attorney. In addition, the right to remain silent in criminal trials prohibits the government from punishing the defendant through allowing the prosecutor to assume the guilty of defendant. This was evidenced in the case of Griffin v. California, 380 U.S 609 (1965), when the Supreme Court held that it was unconstitutional for California state to grant such powers to the jury and prosecutors (Vile 20). Conclusion In conclusion, constitutional rights are classified in to three tiers depending on the level of protection by the constitution. The right to fair trials in criminal charges is an upper tier constitutional right that is safeguarded

Friday, November 1, 2019

The Remake of the Horror Movie Texas Chainsaw Essay

The Remake of the Horror Movie Texas Chainsaw - Essay Example Every moment of the film from the camera, to the creak woodwork, to the glance of the eyes that permeates within the chilling feel of dread is truly amazing, and it gives a remarkable piece of filmmaking. I went to the cinema overrating the remake of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre. The approach in the remake is great since it captures the existence of its predecessor, it also presumes to usurp the original title of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre and claims to be bigger and more superior than the previous version that was done by Tobe Hooper (Evan, 32). The screenplay is not lifted in any way to throw in some new groove as the filmmakers claimed and put what they say into action. For once, they were not kidding. This film says that it knows what the audience is expecting and it is going to give just that. However, I will not talk about what made it great in version that is watered-down. The only thing I am doing is giving something new that takes the basic storyline of the original version then draws the inspiration from its creepy screenplay. The nod of the original version comes into play in the opening moment of the movie. John Larroquette gives a narration that is much similar to the one in Tobe Hooper's version. The only notable change is that in the remake the narration is far more complex since it is done using some digitally decayed-looking super 8 film stock (Evan, 10). When the film starts in a van with kids who are much familiar to 1973, it takes us back to the original version. The usual suspects Andy and his narcissistic boy antiques are constantly making out with the free hippie Pepper, Morgan is the stand-in for the original’s wheelchair-bound Franklin. In addition to walking on his own, he is a bit acidic and not as naive. Burns, good Erin who does not drink or do drugs, play the new version of Marilyn. She wants to get married to his boyfriend Kemper.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

AMERICAS EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR LAWS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AMERICAS EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR LAWS - Coursework Example The laws that touch unemployment benefits should be strengthened. Currently, the law is too restrictive and has many requirements (United States Department of Labor). The presence of these many requirements makes it possible for many employers to prevent employees from claiming unemployment benefits. It would be beneficial the law to cover ways to prevent employers from manipulating workers. The penalty for preventing an employee to get unemployment benefits should be huge to discourage the behavior. The law will be stronger if it directs all employers to inform workers of their unemployment benefits at the time of employment. The legislature should consider adding new laws to cover people working in small firms and independent contractors. Currently, they do not have any form of protection despite the fact they work hard. According protection for independent contractors within the law would help in protecting them against unpaid services. Additional laws are required to prevent online frauds that cost job seekers so much money. It is paramount for the government to control things like multilevel marketing to prevent

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Rapid Response to Natural Disasters

Rapid Response to Natural Disasters Rapid Response[c1] One of the most important features of logistic support management is a quick response following a natural disaster. With the recent improvement of information technology, the logistical operation has been able to be conducted on time and the delivery of the required materials to the victims has been more efficient than ever. A rapid response towards the natural disaster is crucial in order to minimize the damage being done and also reduce the number of lives lost, especially in the aftermath, which could be due to lack of medical coverage or insufficient food or water. This is why transportation method such as land, air and water transport is the most important before, during and after the disasters struck. In providing a rapid response towards a disaster, there come certain challenges with it such as[1]; Relocating critical equipment and commodities when a disaster warning is given Relocating[c2] the critical equipment and commodities needs to be carefully structured and planned as it needs to as far away as possible from the disaster location, to be completely safe from its effect radius. But it needs to be as close as possible to the disaster in order to provide a quick relief to those who are affected by the disaster. (suggestion buat assessment tentang disaster effect radius, and put away from that radius) Evacuation plans If[c3] a disaster struck a nation in all of a sudden, the people will all be still in the location and facing the disaster as it happens. This kind of situation will require a perfect evacuation plan as it involves a massive chaos and difficult to get things done in order. A chaotic situation is an already badly struck location will cause further damage and an increasing number of loss as it hastens the process of rescuing the people and providing an effective disaster aid. (suggestion – training and educating people about evacuating safely and in order. Rehearsal) Clearing path for the movement of people and materials after the disaster Related[c4] to the evacuation plans is the path or road being used to move the people out of the disaster area, as it might not be as in good condition as it were before. It might be congested with traffic of the people wanted to get out of the area, or full of rubbles from the destructions of the buildings and facilities, or being filled with mudslides or submerged in floodwater. These are the problems faced when a disaster relief operation is trying to provide a rapid response towards a disaster. (suggestion ) Method and procedures in the movement of casualties As[c5] a disaster struck, it normally causes a lot of casualties, with most of them involving major injuries that may lead to death. As rapid response is aiming towards reducing the number of death, it requires a proper management in terms of the method and procedures of dealing with the casualties. Not all personnel involved in the disaster aid relief operation are well trained with the procedures as it also involves volunteers from around the world. Though their intention is good, it may also hasten the process and thus the effort of trying to provide rapid response in diminished. (suggestion – provide more training for volunteering bodies around the world of a standard operating procedure and methods being used) Bringing in rescue and repair team, together with their facilities and equipment Transport In the event of a disaster, the resources needed as part of a relief operation must be transported to the affected area as quickly as possible to attend to the casualties and also reduce the number of death and prevent further damages to that area. But providing the amount of transport for all that in such a short time is a big challenge as part of the logistic support group. It is key to use whatever transportation left in the affected area, especially as bigger and better transport from outside is being delayed with the route being cut off as a result of the disaster. And getting the cooperation from the agencies, companies or any organization with any method of transportation is also a challenge as it might involve funds, assets and other matters that need time to be coordinated. (suggestion deal with local organizations, agencies or companies as part of their own disaster plan) (suggestion – create a networking system between all agencies and organizations for cooperation in terms of transportation to increase the efficiency of the relief operations) Coordination and Collaborations Dealing with the event of a natural disaster, it is hard for the affected nation to handle the matter on its own, as their system is crippled and the organization is in chaos. This is why it will need help and support from other nation, especially their neighboring countries or member countries of a regional organization. During a disaster relief, part of the logistic matter is moving and distributing the commodities in as short time as possible to the victims, and this normally involves huge transportation coordination and is a very expensive matter. And certain processes or procedures are too complex to be used in such a critical time where everything needs to be done in such a short space of time. (suggestion – more detailed cooperation between member countries of any organization must be made (OIC, NAM, etc.), not focusing only on regional organization. Better coordination brings better process standardization – better cooperation and better results) (suggestion – information sharing on the critical needs, then easier to coord) Undestanding Environments For the coalition or regional organization, a disaster relief operation mostly involves working in a very different environment and also limited to several constraints. For example, in a disaster that involves conflicts, the distribution and transportation of goods might not be as smooth as it should be. Even with good conditioned roads and transport vehicles, they might me susceptible to attacks, ambushes or mines. Their supply center and relief workers might also be targets for these attacks, which might hamper the process of reaching out to the victims. Political situation might also pose a problem to the success of the relief operation as different groups tries to take advantage of distribution process in the name of their own organization for political gains. Though it has nothing to do with the disaster relief operation organization, it does hamper the initial objective of delivering the goods as quickly as possible to the right community. (suggestion – local capabilities must be identified, as the utilization of their capcities will provide benefits to the relief operation. must identify mana proses yg boleh cepat, mana yg akan lambat. Siapa yg boleh tolong, siapa yg akan menyusahkan.) Sustenance Support Even though the initial support or relief is crucial in saving lives and minimizing damages, it needs to be sustained for a longer period of time in order for it to be completely functioning as it is supposed to be. Resupplies must be coordinated so that the right amount is delivered, as it might vary from the initial quantity and specifications, as adjustments on the commodities are being made from time to time. (suggestion – after receiving the initial support, local authorities must work out the on adjustments and on providing resupplies. Not totally depending on supports from others only.) Packaging xxx (suggestion The aspect of the logistic support that must be given the importance is the Packaging of commodities. Handling equipment, determine the bulk of the unit package should be done accurately as to protect it from damaging. However, Storage and transport circumstances determine the strength of the package unit. For example medicines in plastic bottles survive rough road transport. Other related aspect that should be kept in mind is Shelf-life Climate, Spoilage, Pest resistance (FEMA, 2013, NDMA, 2010). Protecting Important Provisions After the episode of disaster large-scale, relief logistics require consistent and sustained supplies of critical and fast-moving products such as fuel, oil, lubricants, tires, and essential spare parts. In addition, expansion of an operation requires shipments of high value specialist equipment. The time of disaster condition is critical any need may rise therefore before during and after the disaster the protection, handling and provision of the related supplies must be done carefully, such as; Fuel import, refining, and storage, Materials handling and storage at ports , Unloading and bagging equipment, container handling, and secure Storage, Handling and storage at Airport , Storage at developing regional airfields, local assembly and secure packing of tires and spares parts ( UNDP, 2006; NDMA, 2010). Security Time taken to get clearance or permission will cause delay. Commercial airfields ports might be damaged as a result from the disaster. So need to use unconventional ways such as military infrastructure as nearest point of entry. This will need special clearance requires more time to get permissions Security arrangements should be reviewed as soon as the disaster hits. Access to some routes and airfields may be destructed to reach the location or clearance and permits may be needed by the logistic supply teams, especially in emergencies. Hence, Arrangements should be made to obtain the relevant documents before, rather than after, the onset of a disaster (Iqbal et al., 2007; UNDP, 2006). Distribution Distribution of products to victims at the disaster location is distinct from transport and handling bulk package of commodities. The assignment of distribution is commonly decentralized to a distinct agency. It includes the physical and non-physical transfer or distribution from their point of production to the point at which they made available to the victims. The effectiveness of distribution systems depends largely on how recipients are selected and identified in the first place. Often this is a complex and highly political activity, over which external implementing agencies has only limited influence (UNDP, 2006). Bibliography United Nation Development Program (UNDP). (2006). Logistics: Disaster Management Training Program. New York. [1] UNDP. (2006) [c1]Dah siap rephrase [c2]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke? [c3]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke? [c4]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke? [c5]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke?

Friday, October 25, 2019

The Psychological Effects of Gender Roles Essay -- Gender Roles Equali

The Psychological Effects of Gender Roles â€Å"Let the boys be boys.† You’ve heard this phrase before. Often repeated by parents regarding their little boys. So what makes a boy, a boy? Rambo like characteristics? Muscles? Short hair? Wearing blue? Wearing T-shirts and jeans or playing with sporting equipment? Well last I remember, the main characteristics boys shared were penises. The role gender association play in the lives of our children can sometimes affect them negatively. The messages that gender roles send, is that in order to be part of society, you must fit into the norm or the status quo or most importantly what society deems as acceptable. But all the while, trying to incorporate individuality and establishing ones sense of self. Two conflicting ideas that can confuse a child and also alter the way they live their lives. There are two colors that are designated to babies that serve one purpose and one purpose only. Most infant boys were the color blue and girls wear pink. Seeing that it is difficult to determine the sex of an infant without general exposure to the genitals, most parents choose to clothe they’re young child in the respective colors so people will know whether it is a boy or a girl. After all, what male infant wears pink? When the children grow older, do they still continue the practice the color identification game? This is wear it changes. When boys reach the age wear they start dressing themselves and start buying their own clothes, they will continue to wear the blues and the greens and even yellows and reds, but not pink or violet, cause those are â€Å"girly† colors. Girls on the other hand, when they reach the same age still continue to wear the pink and violets and can even wear the blues, yellows, blacks, and greens. So why can girls make the â€Å"cross-over† without being teased or mocked but boys cant without being called a gay or a fagot. The clothing issue goes farther than that. The fashion industry does make boundaries with clothing. There is women’s clothing and men’s clothing. Women can wear men’s clothing, and at times its the stylish thing to do. Young girls can dress like boys or wear boys clothing and at times will only be called a tom-boy, but that is acceptable to society. Let’s see a man in public wearing a dress, and we stop and go out of our way to break our necks just so we can get a good look.... ...d am able to observe what is going on and what can happen. I’m am in no way implying that making your infant son wear blue is bad and if he wears pink as he gets older, it your fault. I know that I probably wouldn’t be to happy about the fact that my little boy is wearing pink either, but its how you approach and deal with the situation the can have an effect on your child. Many parents would probably tell their children this type of situation, â€Å" Pink is for girls, take it off. What are you gay or something. Are you a sissy? Act like a boy.† (Finaut) It is brought upon so negatively and makes the child feel low and incompetent, especially if they are told this by their fathers. Not everyone will agree with my point of view and that is something I understand, but its all about being open-minded which is obviously not the message gender roles send. Works Cited Finaut, Jim. Personal Interview, 11, July 1999. Hales, Dianne. Invitation to Health: Power of Prevention, eighth edition. California: Brooks/Cole, 1990. Richards, Orland. Personal Interview, 13 July 1999. Tannen, Deborah. You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. New York: Ballantine, 1990.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 32. Company

The Cullens' enormous house was more crowded with guests than anyone would assume could possibly be comfortable. It only worked out because none of the visitors slept. Mealtimes were dicey, though. Our company cooperated as best they could. They gave Forks and La Push a wide berth, only hunting out of state; Edward was a gracious host, lending out his cars as needed without so much as a wince. The compromise made me very uncomfortable, though I tried to tell myself that they'd all be hunting somewhere in the world, regardless. Jacob was even more upset. The werewolves existed to prevent the loss of human life, and here was rampant murder being condoned barely outside the packs' borders. But under these circumstances, with Renesmee in acute danger, he kept his mouth shut and glared at the floor rather than the vampires. I was amazed at the easy acceptance the visiting vampires had for Jacob; the problems Edward had anticipated had never materialized. Jacob seemed more or less invisible to them, not quite a person, but also not food, either. They treated him the way people who are not animal-lovers treat the pets of their friends. Leah, Seth, Quil, and Embry were assigned to run with Sam for now, and Jacob would have happily joined them, except that he couldn't stand to be away from Renesmee, and Renesmee was busy fascinating the strange collection of Carlisle's friends. We'd replayed the scene of Renesmee's introduction to the Denali coven a half dozen times. First for Peter and Charlotte, whom Alice and Jasper had sent our way without giving them any explanation at all; like most people who knew Alice, they trusted her instructions despite the lack of information. Alice had told them nothing about which direction she and Jasper were heading. She'd made no promise to ever see them again in the future. Neither Peter nor Charlotte had ever seen an immortal child. Though they knew the rule, their negative reaction was not as powerful as the Denali vampires' had been at first. Curiosity had driven them to allow Renesmee's â€Å"explanation.† And that was it. Now they were as committed to witnessing as Tanya's family. Carlisle had sent friends from Ireland and Egypt. The Irish clan arrived first, and they were surprisingly easy to convince. Siobhan – a woman of immense presence whose huge body was both beautiful and mesmerizing as it moved in smooth undulations – was the leader, but she and her hard-faced mate, Liam, were long used to trusting the judgment of their newest coven member. Little Maggie, with her bouncy red curls, was not physically imposing like the other two, but she had a gift for knowing when she was being lied to, and her verdicts were never contested. Maggie declared that Edward spoke the truth, and so Siobhan and Liam accepted our story absolutely before even touching Renesmee. Amun and the other Egyptian vampires were another story. Even after two younger members of his coven, Benjamin and Tia, had been convinced by Renesmee's explanation, Amun refused to touch her and ordered his coven to leave. Benjamin – an oddly cheerful vampire who looked barely older than a boy and seemed both utterly confident and utterly careless at the same time – persuaded Amun to stay with a few subtle threats about disbanding their alliance. Amun stayed, but continued to refuse to touch Renesmee, and would not allow his mate, Kebi, to touch her, either. It seemed an unlikely grouping – though the Egyptians all looked so alike, with their midnight hair and olive-toned pallor, that they easily could have passed for a biological family. Amun was the senior member and the outspoken leader. Kebi never strayed farther away from Amun than his shadow, and I never heard her speak a single word. Tia, Benjamin's mate, was a quiet woman as well, though when she did spe ak there was great insight and gravity to everything she said. Still, it was Benjamin whom they all seemed to revolve around, as if he had some invisible magnetism the others depended upon for their balance. I saw Eleazar staring at the boy with wide eyes and assumed Benjamin had a talent that drew the others to him. â€Å"It's not that,† Edward told me when we were alone that night. â€Å"His gift is so singular that Amun is terrified of losing him. Much like we had planned to keep Renesmee from Aro's knowledge† – he sighed – â€Å"Amun has been keeping Benjamin from Aro's attention. Amun created Benjamin, knowing he would be special.† â€Å"What can he do?† â€Å"Something Eleazar's never seen before. Something I've never heard of. Something that even your shield would do nothing against.† He grinned his crooked smile at me. â€Å"He can actually influence the elements – earth, wind, water, and fire. True physical manipulation, no illusion of the mind. Benjamin's still experimenting with it, and Amun tries to mold him into a weapon. But you see how independent Benjamin is. He won't be used.† â€Å"You like him,† I surmised from the tone of his voice. â€Å"He has a very clear sense of right and wrong. I like his attitude.† Amun's attitude was something else, and he and Kebi kept to themselves, though Benjamin and Tia were well on their way to being fast friends with both the Denali and the Irish covens. We hoped that Carlisle's return would ease the remaining tension with Amun. Emmett and Rose sent individuals – any nomad friends of Carlisle's that they could track down. Garrett came first – a tall, rangy vampire with eager ruby eyes and long sandy hair he kept tied back with a leather thong – and it was apparent immediately that he was an adventurer. I imagined that we could have presented him with any challenge and he would have accepted, just to test himself. He fell in quickly with the Denali sisters, asking endless questions about their unusual lifestyle. I wondered if vegetarianism was another challenge he would try, just to see if he could do it. Mary and Randall also came – friends already, though they did not travel together. They listened to Renesmee's story and stayed to witness like the others. Like the Denalis, they considered what they would do if the Volturi did not pause for explanations. All three of the nomads toyed with the idea of standing with us. Of course, Jacob got more surly with each new addition. He kept his distance when he could, and when he couldn't he grumbled to Renesmee that someone was going to have to provide an index if anyone expected him to keep all the new bloodsuckers1names straight. Carlisle and Esme returned a week after they had gone, Emmett and Rosalie just a few days later, and all of us felt better when they were home. Carlisle brought one more friend home with him, though friend might have been the wrong term. Alistair was a misanthropic English vampire who counted Carlisle as his closest acquaintance, though he could hardly stand a visit more than once a century. Alistair very much preferred to wander alone, and Carlisle had called in a lot of favors to get him here. He shunned all company, and it was clear he didn't have any admirers in the gathered covens. The brooding dark-haired vampire took Carlisle at his word about Renesmee's origins, refusing, like Amun, to touch her. Edward told Carlisle, Esme, and me that Alistair was afraid to be here, but more afraid of not knowing the outcome. He was deeply suspicious of all authority, and therefore naturally suspicious of the Volturi. What was happening now seemed to confirm all his fears. â€Å"Of course, now they'll know i was here,† we heard him grumble to himself in the attic – his preferred spot to sulk. â€Å"No way to keep it from Aro at this point. Centuries on the run, that's what this will mean. Everyone Carlisle's talked to in the last decade will be on their list. I can't believe I got myself sucked into this mess. What a fine way to treat your friends.† But if he was right about having to run from the Volturi, at least he had more hope of doing that than the rest of us. Alistair was a tracker, though not nearly as precise and efficient as Demetri. Alistair just felt an elusive pull toward whatever he was seeking. But that pull would be enough to tell him which direction to run – the opposite direction from Demetri. And then another pair of unexpected friends arrived – unexpected, because neither Carlisle nor Rosalie had been able to contact the Amazons. â€Å"Carlisle,† the taller of the two very tall feline women greeted him when they arrived. Both of them seemed as if they'd been stretched – long arms and legs, long fingers, long black braids, and long faces with long noses. They wore nothing but animal skins – hide vests and tight-fitting pants that laced on the sides with leather ties. It wasn't just their eccentric clothes that made them seem wild but everything about them, from their restless crimson eyes to their sudden, darting movements. I'd never met any vampires less civilized. But Alice had sent them, and that was interesting news, to put it mildly. Why was Alice in South America? Just because she'd seen that no one else would be able to get in touch with the Amazons? â€Å"Zafrina and Senna! But Where's Kachiri?† Carlisle asked. Tve never seen you three apart.† â€Å"Alice told us we needed to separate,† Zafrina answered in the rough, deep voice that matched her wild appearance. â€Å"It's uncomfortable to be away from each other, but Alice assured us that you needed us here, while she very much needed Kachiri somewhere else. That's all she would tell us, except that there was a great hurry†¦ ?† Zafrina's statement trailed off into a question, and – with the tremor of nerves that never went away no matter how often I did this – I brought Renesmee out to meet them. Despite their fierce appearance, they listened very calmly to our story, and then allowed Renesmee to prove the point. They were every bit as taken with Renesmee as any of the other vampires, but I couldn't help worrying as I watched their swift, jerky movements so close beside her. Senna was always near Zafrina, never speaking, but it wasn't the same as Amun and Kebi. Kebi's manner seemed obedient; Senna and Zafrina were more like two limbs of one organism – Zafrina just happened to be the mouthpiece. The news about Alice was oddly comforting. Clearly, she was on some obscure mission of her own as she avoided whatever Aro had planned for her. Edward was thrilled to have the Amazons with us, because Zafrina was enormously talented; her gift could make a very dangerous offensive weapon. Not that Edward was asking for Zafrina to side with us in the battle, but if the Volturi did not pause when they saw our witnesses, perhaps they would pause for a different kind of scene. â€Å"It's a very straightforward illusion,† Edward explained when it turned out that I couldn't see anything, as usual. Zafrina was intrigued and amused by my immunity – something she'd never encountered before – and she hovered restlessly while Edward described what I was missing. Edward's eyes unfocused slightly as he continued. â€Å"She can make most people see whatever she wants them to see – see that, and nothing else. For example, right now I would appear to be alone in the middle of a rain forest. It's so clear I might possibly believe it, except for the fact that I can still feel you in my arms.† Zafrina's lips twitched into her hard version of a smile. A second later, Edward's eyes focused again, and he grinned back. â€Å"Impressive,† he said. Renesmee was fascinated with the conversation, and she reached out fearlessly toward Zafrina. â€Å"Can I see?† she asked. â€Å"What would you like to see?† Zafrina asked. â€Å"What you showed Daddy.† Zafrina nodded, and I watched anxiously as Renesmee's eyes stared blankly into space. A second later, Renesmee's dazzling smile lit up her face. â€Å"More,† she commanded. After that, it was hard to keep Renesmee away from Zafrina and her pretty pictures. I worried, because I was quite sure that Zafrina was able to create images that were not pretty at all. But through Renesmee's thoughts I could see Zafrina's visions for myself – they were as clear as any of Renesmee's own memories, like they were real – and thus judge for myself whether they were appropriate or not. Though I didn't give her up easily, I had to admit it was a good thing Zafrina was keeping Renesmee entertained. I needed my hands. I had so much to learn, both physically and mentally, and the time was so short. My first attempt at learning to fight did not go well. Edward had me pinned in about two seconds. But instead of letting me wrestle my way free – which I absolutely could have – he'd leaped up and away from me. I knew immediately that something was wrong; he was still as stone, staring across the meadow we were practicing in. Tm sorry, Bella,† he said. â€Å"No, I'm fine,† I said. â€Å"Let's go again.† â€Å"I can't.† â€Å"What do you mean, you can't? We just started.† He didn't answer. â€Å"Look, I know I'm no good at this, but I can't get better if you don't help me.† He said nothing. Playfully, I sprang at him. He made no defense at all, and we both fell to the ground. He was motionless as I pressed my lips to his jugular. â€Å"I win,† I announced. His eyes narrowed, but he said nothing. â€Å"Edward? What's wrong? Why won't you teach me?† A full minute passed before he spoke again. â€Å"I just can't†¦ bear it. Emmett and Rosalie know as much as I do. Tanya and Eleazar probably know more. Ask someone else.† â€Å"That's not fair! You're good at this. You helped Jasper before – you fought with him and all the others, too. Why not me? What did I do wrong?† He sighed, exasperated. His eyes were dark, barely any gold to lighten the black. â€Å"Looking at you that way, analyzing you as a target. Seeing all the ways I can kill you .. .† He flinched. â€Å"It just makes it too real for me. We don't have so much time that it will really make a difference who your teacher is. Anyone can teach you the fundamentals.† I scowled. He touched my pouting lower lip and smiled. â€Å"Besides, it's unnecessary. The Volturi will stop. They will be made to understand.† â€Å"But if they don't! I need to learn this.† â€Å"Find another teacher.† That was not our last conversation on the subject, but I never swayed him an inch from his decision. Emmett was more than willing to help, though his teaching felt to me a lot like revenge for all the lost arm-wrestling matches. If I could still bruise, I would have been purple from head to toe. Rose, Tanya, and Eleazar all were patient and supportive. Their lessons reminded me of Jasper's fighting instructions to the others last June, though those memories were fuzzy and indistinct. Some of the visitors found my education entertaining, and some even offered assistance. The nomad Garrett took a few turns – he was a surprisingly good teacher; he interacted so easily with others in general that I wondered how he'd never found a coven. I even fought once with Zafrina while Renesmee watched from Jacob's arms. I learned several tricks, but I never asked for her help again. In truth, though I liked Zafrina very much and I knew she wouldn't really hurt me, the wild woman scared me to death. I learned many things from my teachers, but I had the sense that my knowledge was still impossibly basic. I had no idea how many seconds I would last against Alec and Jane. I only prayed that it would be long enough to help. Every minute of the day that I wasn't with Renesmee or learning to fight, I was in the backyard working with Kate, trying to push my internal shield outside of my own brain to protect someone else. Edward encouraged me in this training. I knew he hoped I would find a way of contributing that satisfied me while also keeping me out of the line of fire. It was just so hard. There was nothing to get a hold of, nothing solid to work with. I had only my raging desire to be of use, to be able to keep Edward, Renesmee, and as much of my family as possible safe with me. Over and over I tried to force the nebulous shield outside of myself, with only faint, sporadic success. It felt like I was wrestling to stretch an invisible rubber band – a band that would change from concrete tangibility into insubstantial smoke at any random moment. Only Edward was willing to be our guinea pig – to receive shock after shock from Kate while I grappled incompetently with the insides of my head. We worked for hours at a time, and I felt like I should be covered in sweat from the exertion, but of course my perfect body didn't betray me that way. My weariness was all mental. It killed me that it was Edward who had to suffer, my arms wrapped uselessly around him while he winced over and over from Kate's low† setting. I tried as hard as I could to push my shield around us both; every now and then I would get it, and then it would slip away again. I hated this practice, and I wished that Zafrina would help instead of Kate. Then all Edward would have to do was look at Zafrina's illusions until I could stop him from seeing them. But Kate insisted that I needed better motivation – by which she meant my hatred of watching Edward's pain. I was beginning to doubt her assertion from the first day we'd met – that she wasn't sadistic about the use of her gift. She seemed to be enjoying herself to me. â€Å"Hey,† Edward said cheerfully, trying to hide any evidence of distress in his voice. Anything to keep me from fighting practice. â€Å"That one barely stung. Good job, Bella.† I took a deep breath, trying to grasp exactly what I'd done right, i tested the elastic band, struggling to force it to remain solid as I stretched it away from me. â€Å"Again, Kate,† I grunted through my clenched teeth. Kate pressed her palm to Edward's shoulder. He sighed in relief. â€Å"Nothing that time.† She raised an eyebrow. â€Å"That wasn't low, either.† â€Å"Good,† I huffed. â€Å"Get ready,† she told me, and reached out to Edward again. This time he shuddered, and a low breath hissed between his teeth. â€Å"Sorry! Sorry! Sorry!† I chanted, biting my lip. Why couldn't I get this right? â€Å"You're doing an amazing job, Bella,† Edward said, pulling me tight against him. â€Å"You've really only been working at this for a few days and you're already projecting sporadically. Kate, tell her how well she's doing.† Kate pursed her lips. â€Å"I don't know. She's obviously got tremendous ability, and we're only beginning to touch it. She can do better, I'm sure. She's just lacking incentive.† I stared at her in disbelief, my lips automatically curling back from my teeth. How could she think I lacked motivation with her shocking Edward right here in front of me? I heard murmurs from the audience that had grown steadily as I practiced – only Eleazar, Carmen, and Tanya at first, but then Garrett had wandered over, then Benjamin and Tia, Siobhan and Maggie, and now even Alistair was peering down from a window on the third story. The spectators agreed with Edward; they thought I was already doing well. â€Å"Kate†¦,† Edward said in a warning voice as some new course of action occurred to her, but she was already in motion. She darted along the curve of the river to where Zafrina, Senna, and Renesmee were walking slowly, Renesmee's hand in Zafrina's as they traded pictures back and forth. Jacob shadowed them from a few feet behind. â€Å"Nessie,† Kate said – the newcomers had quickly picked up the irritating nickname, â€Å"would you like to come help your mother?† â€Å"No,† I half-snarled. Edward hugged me reassuringly. I shook him off just as Renesmee flitted across the yard to me, with Kate, Zafrina, and Senna right behind her. â€Å"Absolutely not, Kate,† I hissed. Renesmee reached for me, and I opened my arms automatically. She curled into me, pressing her head into the hollow beneath my shoulder. â€Å"But Momma, I want to help,† she said in a determined voice. Her hand rested against my neck, reinforcing her desire with images of the two of us together, a team. â€Å"No,† I said, quickly backing away. Kate had taken a deliberate step in my direction, her hand stretched toward us. â€Å"Stay away from us, Kate,† I warned her. â€Å"No.† She began stalking forward. She smiled like a hunter cornering her prey. I shifted Renesmee so that she was clinging to my back, still backing away at a pace that matched Kate's. Now my hands were free, and if Kate wanted to keep her hands attached to her wrists, she'd better keep her distance. Kate probably didn't understand, never having known for herself the passion of a mother for her child. She must not have realized just how far past too far she'd already gone. I was so furious that my vision took on a strange reddish tint, and my tongue tasted like burning metal. The strength I usually worked to keep restrained flowed through my muscles, and I knew I could crush her into diamond-hard rubble if she pushed me to it. The rage brought every aspect of my being into sharper focus. I could even feel the elasticity of my shield more exactly now – feel that it was not a band so much as a layer, a thin film that covered me from head to toe. With the anger rippling through my body, I had a better sense of it, a tighter hold on it. I stretched it around myself, out from myself, swaddling Renesmee completely inside it, just in case Kate got past my guard. Kate took another calculated step forward, and a vicious snarl ripped up my throat and through my clenched teeth. â€Å"Be careful, Kate,† Edward cautioned. Kate took another step, and then made a mistake even someone as inexpert as I could recognize. Just a short leap away from me, she looked away, turning her attention from me to Edward. Renesmee was secure on my back; I coiled to spring. â€Å"Can you hear anything from Nessie?† Kate asked him, her voice calm and easy. Edward darted into the space between us, blocking my line to Kate. â€Å"No, nothing at all,† he answered. â€Å"Now give Bella some space to calm down, Kate. You shouldn't goad her like that. I know she doesn't seem her age, but she's only a few months old.† â€Å"We don't have time to do this gently, Edward. We're going to have to push her. We only have a few weeks, and she's got the potential to – â€Å" â€Å"Back off for a minute, Kate.† Kate frowned but took Edward's warning more seriously than she'd taken mine. Renesmee's hand was on my neck; she was remembering Kate's attack, showing me that no harm was meant, that Daddy was in on it†¦. This did not pacify me. The spectrum of light I saw still seemed tainted with crimson. But I was in better control of myself, and I could see the wisdom of Kate's words. The anger helped me. I would learn faster under pressure. That didn't mean I liked it. â€Å"Kate,† I growled. I rested my hand on the small of Edward's back. I could still feel my shield like a strong, flexible sheet around Renesmee and me. I pushed it farther, forcing it around Edward. There was no sign of a flaw in the stretchy fabric, no threat of a tear. I panted with the effort, and my words came out sounding breathless rather than furious. â€Å"Again,† I said to Kate. â€Å"Edward only.† She rolled her eyes but flitted forward and pressed her palm to Edward's shoulder. â€Å"Nothing,† Edward said. I heard the smile in his voice. â€Å"And now?† Kate asked. â€Å"Stillnothing.† â€Å"And now?† This time, there was the sound of strain in her voice. â€Å"Nothing at all.† Kate grunted and stepped away. â€Å"Can you see this?† Zafrina asked in her deep, wild voice, staring intently at the three of us. Her English was strangely accented, her words pulling up in unexpected places. â€Å"I don't see anything I shouldn't,† Edward said. â€Å"And you, Renesmee?† Zafrina asked. Renesmee smiled at Zafrina and shook her head. My fury had almost entirely ebbed, and I clenched my teeth together, panting faster as I pushed out against the elastic shield; it felt like it was getting heavier the longer I held it. It pulled back, dragging inward. â€Å"No one panic,† Zafrina warned the little group watching me. â€Å"I want to see how far she can extend.† There was a shocked gasp from everyone there – Eleazar, Carmen, Tanya, Garrett, Benjamin, Tia, Siobhan, Maggie – everyone but Senna, who seemed prepared for whatever Zafrina was doing. The others' eyes were blank, their expressions anxious. â€Å"Raise your hand when you get your sight back,† Zafrina instructed. â€Å"Now, Bella. See how many you can shield.† My breath came out in a huff. Kate was the closest person to me besides Edward and Renesmee, but even she was about ten feet away. I locked my jaw and shoved, trying to heave the resisting, resilient safeguard farther from myself. Inch by inch I drove it toward Kate, fighting the reaction that fought back with every fraction that I gained. I only watched Kate's anxious expression while I worked, and I groaned quietly with relief when her eyes blinked and focused. She raised her hand. â€Å"Fascinating!† Edward murmured under his breath. â€Å"It's like one-way glass. I can read everything they're thinking, but they can't reach me behind it. And I can hear Renesmee, though I couldn't when I was on the outside. I'll bet Kate could shock me now, because she's underneath the umbrella. I still can't hear you†¦ hmmm. How does that work? I wonder if†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He continued to mumble to himself, but I couldn't listen to the words. I ground my teeth together, struggling to force the shield out to Garrett, who was closest to Kate. His hand came up. â€Å"Very good,† Zafrina complimented me. â€Å"Now – â€Å" But she'd spoken too soon; with a sharp gasp, I felt my shield recoil like a rubber band stretched too far, snapping back into its original shape. Renesmee, experiencing for the first time the blindness Zafrina had conjured for the others, trembled against my back. Wearily, I fought back against the elastic pull, forcing the shield to include her again. â€Å"Can I have a minute?† I panted. Since I'd become a vampire, I hadn't felt the need to rest even once before this moment. It was unnerving to feel so drained and yet so strong at the same time. â€Å"Of course,† Zafrina said, and the spectators relaxed as she let them see again. â€Å"Kate,† Garrett called as the others murmured and drifted slightly away, disturbed by the moment of blindness; vampires were not used to feeling vulnerable. The tall, sandy-haired Garrett was the only non-gifted immortal who seemed drawn to my practice sessions. I wondered what the lure was for the adventurer. â€Å"I wouldn't, Garrett,† Edward cautioned. Garrett continued toward Kate despite the warning, his lips pursed in speculation. â€Å"They say you can put a vampire flat on his back.† â€Å"Yes,† she agreed. Then, with a sly smile, she wiggled her fingers playfully at him. â€Å"Curious?† Garrett shrugged. â€Å"That's something I've never seen. Seems like it might be a bit of an exaggeration___† â€Å"Maybe,† Kate said, her face suddenly serious. â€Å"Maybe it only works on the weak or the young. I'm not sure. You look strong, though. Perhaps you could withstand my gift.† She stretched her hand out to him, palm up – a clear invitation. Her lips twitched, and I was pretty sure her grave expression was an attempt to hustle him. Garrett grinned at the challenge. Very confidently, he touched her palm with his index finger. And then, with a loud gasp, his knees buckled and he keeled over backward. His head hit a piece of granite with a sharp cracking noise. It was shocking to watch. My instincts recoiled against seeing an immortal incapacitated that way; it was profoundly wrong. â€Å"I told you so,† Edward muttered. Garrett's eyelids trembled for a few seconds, and then his eyes opened wide. He stared up at the smirking Kate, and a wondering smile lit his face. â€Å"Wow,† he said. â€Å"Did you enjoy that?† she asked skeptically. â€Å"I'm not crazy,† he laughed, shaking his head as he got slowly to his knees, â€Å"but that was sure something!† â€Å"That's what I hear.† Edward rolled his eyes. And then there was a low commotion from the front yard. I heard Carlisle speaking over a babble of surprised voices. â€Å"Did Alice send you?† he asked someone, his voice unsure, slightly upset. Another unexpected guest? Edward darted into the house and most of the others imitated him. I followed more slowly, Renesmee still perched on my back. I would give Carlisle a moment. Let him warm up the new guest, prepare him or her or them for the idea of what was coming. I pulled Renesmee into my arms as I walked cautiously around the house to enter through the kitchen door, listening to what I couldn't see. â€Å"No one sent us,† a deep whispery voice answered Carlisle's question. I was immediately reminded of the ancient voices of Aro and Caius, and I froze just inside the kitchen. I knew the front room was crowded – almost everyone had gone in to see the newest visitors – but there was barely any noise. Shallow breathing, that was all. Carlisle's voice was wary as he responded. â€Å"Then what brings you here now?† â€Å"Word travels,† a different voice answered, just as feathery as the first. â€Å"We heard hints that Volturi were moving against you. There were whispers that you would not stand alone. Obviously, the whispers were true. This is an impressive gathering.† â€Å"We are not challenging the Volturi,† Carlisle answered in a strained tone. â€Å"There has been a misunderstanding, that is all. A very serious misunderstanding, to be sure, but one we're hoping to clear up. What yousee are witnesses. We just need the Volturi to listen. We didn't – â€Å" â€Å"We don't care what they say you did,† the first voice interrupted. â€Å"And we don't care if you broke the law.† â€Å"No matter how egregiously,† the second inserted. â€Å"We've been waiting a millennium and a half for the Italian scum to be challenged,† said the first. â€Å"If there is any chance theywill fall, we will be here to see it.† â€Å"Or even to help defeat them,† the second added. They spoke ina smooth tandem, their voices so similar that less sensitive ears would assume there was only one speaker. â€Å"If we think you havea chance of success.† â€Å"Bella?†Edward called to me ina hard voice. â€Å"Bring Renesmee here, please. Maybe we should test our Romanian visitors' claims.† It helped to know that probably half of the vampires in the other room would come to Renesmee's defense if these Romanians were upset by her. I didn't like the sound of their voices, or the dark menace in their words. As I walked into the room, I could see that I was not alone in that assessment. Most of the motionless vampires glared with hostile eyes, anda few – Carmen, Tanya, Zafrina, and Senna – repositioned themselves subtly into defensive poses between the newcomers and Renesmee. The vampires at the door were both slight and short, one dark-haired and the other with hair so ashy blond that it looked pale gray. They had the same powdery look to their skin as the Volturi, though I thought it was not so pronounced. I couldn't be sure about that, as I had never seen the Volturi except with human eyes; I could not make a perfect comparison. Their sharp, narrow eyes were dark burgundy, with no milky film. They wore very simple black clothes that could pass as modern but hinted at older designs. The dark one grinned when I came into view. â€Å"Well, well, Carlisle. You have been naughty, haven't you?† â€Å"She's not what you think, Stefan.† â€Å"And we don't care either way,† the blonde responded. â€Å"As we said before.† â€Å"Then you're welcome to observe, Vladimir, but it is definitely not our plan to challenge the Volturi, as we said before.† â€Å"Then we'lljust cross our fingers,† Stefan began. â€Å"And hope we get lucky,† finished Vladimir. In the end, we had pulled together seventeen witnesses – the Irish, Siobhan, Liam, and Maggie; the Egyptians, Amun, Kebi, Benjamin, and Tia; the Amazons, Zafrina and Senna; the Romanians, Vladimir and Stefan; and the nomads, Charlotte and Peter, Garrett, Alistair, Mary, and Randall – to supplement our family of eleven. Tanya, Kate, Eleazar, and Carmen insisted on being counted as part of our family. Aside from the Volturi, it was probably the largest friendly gathering of mature vampires in immortal history. We all were beginning to be a little bit hopeful. Even I couldn't help it.Renesmee had won over so many in such a brief time.The Volturi only had to listen for just the tiniest second. The lasttwo surviving Romanians – focused only on their bitter resentment of the ones who had overthrown their empire fifteen hundred years earlier – took everything in stride. They would not touch Renesmee, but they showed no aversion to her. They seemed mysteriously delighted by our alliance with the werewolves.They watched me practice my shield with Zafrina and Kate, watched Edward answer unspoken questions, watched Benjaminpull geysers of water from the river or sharp gusts of wind from the still air with just his mind, and their eyes glowed with their fierce hope that the Volturi had finally met their match. We did not hope for the same things, but we all hoped.