Generic Conventions of Teen Movies in the 1955 Film Rebel...

Generic Conventions of Teen Movies in the 1955 Film Rebel Without a Cause Rebel without a cause was the first ever film to be targeted at the newly established Teenage audience and caused the creation Teen Movie genre because of its incredible success. The creators of Rebel without a cause saw that there was enormous potential for the teen audience as they had never been targeted before and they had money to spend on entertainment as they had no outgoings at all. The film starred James Dean as Jim Stark the troubled teenager in a new town. He is portrayed as the outsider and the protagonist as he fights his oppressive authoritative figures. James Dean: Role Model for teenagers†¦show more content†¦This is another theme which can be seen in the 1955 Rebel without a cause, as all teenage characters are trying to make it as mature adults. This is a great task for the teenagers as the ideal of the love of your life must be found before the transition is complete. The message of the film is that when love has been found life will be so much easier. This offers social and economical reassurance for the audience that the problems of the teenager can be overcome and that true love can be found. The theme of transition ties in with the sub theme of adulthood and what the right way to be a man is. Youre tearing me apart! [IMAGE]The issue or masculinity is debated in its three character forms: Jims dad shows us how he is emasculated and his role of man has been reversed with Mrs Stark. This is seen as he cleans up the meal he has made for his wife in a piny. Jim himself is portrayed as the picture of perfect masculinity as although he is rebellious he is charming and treats Plato as his surrogate son and Judy as his loving partner. Because of Jims heroism in the film, Jims dads masculinity is restored and he realises that they need to resolve the conflict in the family unit. Plato offers the third view of masculinity as he is portrayed as coward and seems to need someone to replace his Parents who haveShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesDesigns and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some othe r use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, EnglandRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesreproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher

Dont Know Essay - 572 Words

Everyone knows that it is illegal to consume alcohol until the age of 21. Many people are In agreement with this legal restriction. Some would even say that it needs to be raised. Why is 21 the quot;magicalquot; age that makes one intelligent and mature enough to consume alcohol? Surely, some adults abuse alcohol and some teenagers would be perfectly able to drink responsibly. Many have asked the question, should the drinking age be lowered from age twenty-one to age eighteen. The national drinking age for men and woman should remain at age twenty-one. Before 1982 there was no national conformity in the laws dealing with alcohol consumption legal age. Each state had different laws and regulations set on the drinking age. In the†¦show more content†¦The youth is not trained or prepared to take on the burden of responsible drinking. Rather than provided leadership he is subjected to peer pressure encouraging him to act irresponsibly. The draft age and drinking age argument doe s not provide a convincing basis for a change in the law. A second argument often heard supporting a reduction in lowering the drinking age quot;eighteen to twenty year old are going to drink anyway so lower the drinking age.quot; The attached chart shows, quot;Over 75% of eighth grade students have tried alcohol, and 55% of them have tried it by sixth gradequot; While it is obvious that many teen-agers are breaking the law today, this is not advocating a change in the law. quot;It has been argued that laws do not impact or change behavior, but there is strong circumstantial evidence that drinking-driving laws do make a difference. Laws are a statement of the views of society, and the increase of penalties given the clear message that drinking and driving is viewed as a crime against societyquot; (Tatman 1). The fact that laws are sometimes is not justification for changing the laws. Many supporters of a lowering of the legal alcohol age contend that eighteen or nineteen are mature enough to deal with alcohol. This argument is not supported by the facts. quot;Over 40% of all the 16-to-20 year olds who died in 1994 were killed in car crashes. And about half of those wereShow MoreRelatedI Dont Know700 Words   |  3 Pagespreparatory work such as he should make a laser line first or focus on the others competitors. I think Jim`s Porter Strategy is Differentiation Strategy, because Jim`s situation is accord with Differentiation Strategy`s situation. From case we can know, Jim`s products are made of aluminum and plastic, that make his products light weight and durable. These are Jim`s products superiority. Also Jim doesn’t have enough competitors, and his products have excellent quality. Then Jim`s product have greatRead MoreI Dont Know623 Words   |  3 PagesName: States of Matter Lab Procedure: Go to: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter and click on Run Now States of Matter Review: 1) Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy of ____________. 2) Potential energy (PE) is the energy of ____________. 3) What property of a substance corresponds to the average KE of its particles? 4) What property of a substance correspondsRead MoreI Dont Know Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesEtiquette is important Etiquette is important because if people dont have proper etiquette then the disrescpect will hurt and it will lead to violence. The defintion of etiquette is the practices and forms prescribed by social convention or by authority. The history of etiquette started with the Maxims.The Maxims were conformist precepts extolling such civil virtues as truthfulness, self-control and kindness towards ones fellow beings. Learning by listening to everybody and knowing that humanRead MoreEssay about i dont know879 Words   |  4 Pages N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. Fourth Amendment - U.S. Constitution. Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. Understanding Search and Seizure Law. Nolo.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. â€Å"4th Amendment Supreme Court Cases† - Case Law - Know My Rights. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. Read MoreEssay On I DonT Know My Title974 Words   |  4 Pages I Don’t Know My Title Everything started on the first day of sixth grade. The only friend I had was Abbi Martin. We were like best-friends and didn’t need anyone else. If there is anything I learned in those 2 years, It’s that friends can change you, and not always in a bad way. We started the first day of sixth grade with a lot of butterflies in our stomach? What if we don’t get to class in time? What if we go to the wrong place? What if we forget about TA or lunch? What if our chromebook diesRead MoreI DonT Know My Name Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesGrace Vanderwaal’s original song â€Å"I don’t know my name† brings a powerful message to young viewers. The orginal song consists of Grace Vanderwaal’s experiences while she is finding herself as a teen in 2016. The important, as well as repeated line â€Å"I don’t know my name. I don’t play by the rules of the game† symbolizes the way of life she was taught, but does not follow. However, this leads to many issues as she is â€Å"finding her way† through life, â€Å"I am lost. Trying to get found in an ocean of people†Read MorePersonal Essay : When Parents DonT Know Best741 Words   |  3 PagesWhen Parents Honestly Dont Know Best In today’s world, one of the most damaging thing parents can do is neglecting their childs well-being. Especially when it comes to mental health issues and any other type of medical issue. Its almost along the same lines as the over opinionated â€Å"soccer mom† or â€Å"hockey dad†, but when forcing your child suffer from not getting the proper medical or psychological support its a lot more damaging for the child. Just because someone is a parent, honestly doesntRead MoreWhat White People DonT Know By Joshua Heath767 Words   |  4 PagesWhat White People Don’t Know By Joshua Heath I’m white, Irish Catholic to be precise. I’ve spent my life around white people, been raised in white schools, and lived in Valencia, a rather white town. And through my experience with this particular class of folks, I’ve realized something fundamental: many of us don’t know what were talking about in regard to race. When confronted with the problems facing African Americans, we frequently respond with crude answers that sound something like this:Read MoreEssay On What You DonT Know Can Hurt You1190 Words   |  5 Pages What you don’t know can hurt you You can learn a lot when you are a kid but at the same time you barley know anything. Not knowing something can affect you sometimes in negative sometime s in positive ways. I was a kid in elementary school I wasn’t much of a talker I was shy ignorant of the ways of the world. No one in my child hood life saw fit to tell me what the middle finger meant no adult that is. So I in school may have done something offensive not knowing the consequences of my actionsRead MoreAt A Young Age I Was Different. I Dont Know Why But People1877 Words   |  8 PagesAt a young age i was different. I dont know why but people start to take distances from me farther and farther.. Maybe because Im ugly? Maybe because i just dont really fit in. I always try to make friends with people my age at school but for some reason they just go and distance themselves from me. I saw a group of girls and tried to approach them and said: Hi my name is Alex could we be friends?! They just walked away and glared at me. The people passing by and the group of girls murmured :

LAN and Network Mangements Free Essays

string(150) " easily access SNMP information, giving them any information about the network, and also the ability to potentially shut down systems on the network\." Imagine yourself as a network administrator, responsible for a 2000 user network. This network reaches from California to New York, and some branches over seas. In this situation, anything can, and usually does go wrong, but it would be your job as a system administrator to resolve the problem with it arises as quickly as possible. We will write a custom essay sample on LAN and Network Mangements or any similar topic only for you Order Now The last thing you would want is for your boss to call you up, asking why you haven†t done anything to fix the 2 major systems that have been down for several hours. How do you explain to him that you didn†t even know about it? Would you even want to tell him that? So now, picture yourself in the same situation, only this time, you were using a network monitoring program. Sitting in front of a large screen displaying a map of the world, leaning back gently in your chair. A gentle warning tone sounds, and looking at your display, you see that California is now glowing a soft red in color, in place of the green glow just moments before. You select the state of California, and it zooms in for a closer look. You see a network diagram overview of all the computers your company has within California. Two systems are flashing, with an X on top of them indicating that they are experiencing problems. Tagging the two systems, you press enter, and with a flash, the screen displays all the statitics of the two systems, including anything they might have in common causing the problem. Seeing that both systems are linked to the same card of a network switch, you pick up the phone and give that branch office a call, notifying them not only that they have a problem, but how to fix it as well. Early in the days of computers, a central computer (called a mainframe) was connected to a bunch of dumb terminals using a standard copper wire. Not much thought was put into how this was done because there was only one way to do it: they ere either connected, or they weren†t. Figure 1 shows a diagram of these early systems. If something went wrong with this type of system, it was fairly easy to troubleshoot, the blame almost always fell on the mainframe system. Shortly after the introduction of Personal Computers (PC), came Local Area Networks (LANS), forever changing the way in which we look at networked systems. LANS originally consisted of just PC†s connected into groups of computers, but soon after, there came a need to connect those individual LANS together forming what is known as a Wide Area Network, or WAN, the result was a complex connection of omputers joined together using various types of interfaces and protocols. Figure 2 shows a modern day WAN. Last year, a survey of Fortune 500 companies showed that 15% of their total computer budget, 1. 6 Million dollars, was spent on network management (Rose, 115). Because of this, much attention has focused on two families of network management protocols: The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), which comes from a de facto standards based background of TCP/IP communication, and the Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP), which derives from a de jure standards-based background associated with the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) (Fisher, 183). In this report I will cover advantages and disadvantages of both Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). , as well as discuss a new protocol for the future. I will also give some good reasons supporting why I believe that SNMP is a protocol that all network SNMP is a protocol that enables a management station to configure, monitor, and receive trap (alarm) messages from network devices. (Feit, 12). It is formally specified in a series of related Request for Comment (RFC) documents, listed here. The first protocol developed was the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It was commonly considered to be a quickly designed â€Å"band-aid† solution to internetwork management difficulties while other, larger and better protocols were being designed. (Miller, 46). However, no better choice became available, and SNMP soon became the network management protocol of choice. It works very simply (as the name suggests): it exchanges network packets through messages (known as protocol data units (PDU)). The PDU contains variables that have both titles and values. There are five types of PDU†s which SNMP uses to onitor a network: two deal with reading terminal data, two with setting terminal data, and one called the trap, used for monitoring network events, such as terminal start-ups By far the largest advantage of SNMP over CMIP is that its design is simple, so it is as easy to use on a small network as well as on a large one, with ease of setup, and lack of stress on system resources. Also, the simple design makes it simple for the user to program system variables that they would like to monitor. Another major advantage to SNMP is that is in wide use today around the world. Because of it†s evelopment during a time when no other protocol of this type existed, it became very popular, and is a built in protocol supported by most major vendors of networking hardware, such as hubs, bridges, and routers, as well as majoring operating systems. It has even been put to use inside the Coca-Cola machines at Stanford University, in Palo Alto, California (Borsook, 48). Because of SNMP†s smaller size, it has even been implemented in such devices as toasters, compact disc players, and battery-operated barking dogs. In the 1990 Interop show, John Romkey, vice president of engineering or Epilogue, demonstrated that through an SNMP program running on a PC, you could control a standard toaster through a network (Miller, 57). SNMP is by no means a perfect network manager. But because of it†s simple design, these flaws can be fixed. The first problem realized by most companies is that there are some rather large security problems related with SNMP. Any decent hacker can easily access SNMP information, giving them any information about the network, and also the ability to potentially shut down systems on the network. You read "LAN and Network Mangements" in category "Essay examples" The latest version of SNMP, called SNMPv2, has added some security measures that were left out of SNMP, to combat the 3 largest problems plaguing SNMP: Privacy of Data (to prevent intruders from gaining access to information carried along the network), authentication (to prevent intruders from sending false data across the network), and access control (which restricts access of particular variables to certain users, thus removing the possibility of a user accidentally crashing the network). (Stallings, 213) The largest problem with SNMP, ironically enough, is the same thing that made it great; it†s simple design. Because it is so simple, the information it deals with is either detailed, nor well organized enough to deal with the growing networks of the This is mainly due to the quick creation of SNMP, because it was never designed to be the network management protocol of the 1990†³s. Like the previous flaw, this one too has been corrected with the new version, SNMPv2. This new version allows for more in-detail specification of variables, including the use of the table data structure for easier data retrieval. Also added are two new PDU†s that are used to manipulate the tabled objects. In fact, so many new features have been added that the formal pecifications for SNMP have expanded from 36 pages (with v1) to 416 pages with SNMPv2. (Stallings, 153) Some people might say that SNMPv2 has lost the simplicity, but the truth is that the changes were necessary, and could not have been avoided. A management station relies on the agent at a device to retrieve or update the information at the device. The information is viewed as a logical database, called a Management Information Base, or MIB. MIB modules describe MIB variables for a large variety of device types, computer hardware, and software components. The original MIB for Managing a TCP/IP internet (now called MIB-I) was defined in RFC 066 in August of 1988. It was updated in RFC 1156 in May of 1990. The MIB-II version published in RFC 1213 in May of 1991, contained some improvements, and has proved that it can do a good job of meeting basic TCP/IP management needs. MIB-II added many useful variables missing from MIB-I (Feit, 85). MIB files are common variables used not only by SNMP, but CMIP as well. In the late 1980†³s a project began, funded by governments, and large corporations. Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) was born. Many thought that because of it†s nearly infinite development budget, that it would quickly become in idespread use, and overthrow SNMP from it†s throne. Unfortunately, problems with its implementation have delayed its use, and it is now only available in limited form from developers themselves. (SNMP, Part 2 of 2, III. 40. ) CMIP was designed to be better than SNMP in every way by repairing all flaws, and expanding on what was good about it, making it a bigger and more detailed network manager. It†s design is similar to SNMP, where PDU†s are used as variables to monitor the network. CMIP however contains 11 types of PDU†s (compared to SNMP†s 5). In CMIP, the variables are seen as very complex and sophisticated data tructures with three attributes. These include: 1) Variable attributes: which represent the variables characteristics (its data 2) variable behaviors: what actions of that variable can be triggered. 3) Notifications: the variable generates an event report whenever a specified event occurs (eg. A terminal shutdown would cause a variable notification As a comparison, SNMP only employs variable properties from one and three above. The biggest feature of the CMIP protocol is that its variables not only relay information to and from the terminal (as in SNMP) , but they can also be used to perform tasks that would be impossible under SNMP. For instance, if a terminal on a network cannot reach the fileserver a pre-determined amount of times, then CMIP can notify appropriate personnel of the event. With SNMP however, a user would have to specifically tell it to keep track of unsuccessful attempts to reach the server, and then what to do when that variable reaches a limit. CMIP therefore results in a more efficient management system, and less work is required from the user to keep updated on the status of the network. CMIP also contains the security measures left out by SNMP. Because of the large development budget, when it becomes available, CMIP ill be widely used by the government, and the corporations that funded it. After reading the above paragraph, you might wonder why, if CMIP is this wonderful, is it not being used already? (after all, it had been in development for nearly 10 years) The answer is that possibly CMIP†s only major disadvantage, is enough in my opinion to render it useless. CMIP requires about ten times the system resources that are needed for SNMP. In other words, very few systems in the world would able to handle a full implementation on CMIP without undergoing massive network modifications. This disadvantage has no inexpensive fix to it. For that reason, many believe CMIP is doomed to fail. The other flaw in CMIP is that it is very difficult to program. Its complex nature requires so many different variables that only a few skilled programmers are able to use it to it†s full potential. Considering the above information, one can see that both management systems have their advantages and disadvantages. However the deciding factor between the two, lies with their implementation, for now, it is almost impossible to find a system with the necessary resources to support the CMIP model, even though it is superior to SNMP (v1 and v2) in both design and operation. Many people believe that the growing power of modern systems will soon fit well with CMIP model, and might result in it†s widespread use, but I believe by the time that day comes, SNMP could very well have adapted itself to become what CMIP currently offers, and more. As we†ve seen with other products, once a technology achieves critical mass, and a substantial installed base, it†s quite difficult to convince users to rip it out and start fresh with an new and unproven technology (Borsook, 48). It is then recommend that SNMP be used in a situation where minimial security is needed, and SNMPv2 be used Borsook, Paulina. How to cite LAN and Network Mangements, Essay examples

Wesfarmers Human Rights and Modern Slavery Statement

Question: Discuss about the Wesfarmers Human Rights and Modern Slavery Statement. Answer: Introduction: Wesfarmers Limited is amongst the topmost revenue generating multinational company in the nation. It is an Australian conglomerate and has the global headquarter located at Perth in Western Australia and the address of the same is 40 The Esplanade Perth, Western Australia (Wesfarmers, 2017a). Due to its operations being spread in different businesses, it falls in the industry of conglomerate and is a multi-industry company. Wesfarmers key operations are in the aspects of fertilizers, coal mining, chemicals, retail and industry and safety products (AMP Capital, 2015). And the major interests lie in Australia and NZ, along with UK, Bangladesh and Ireland (ASX, 2016) In 2000 companies, the company has been at the first position. Through supermarkets and its grocery stores, the majority of the companys income is generated. The company generated $66,216,000,000 as revenues for the year of 2016. The company has a diversified portfolio and it operates in areas like hardware and department stores. The post of CEO of the company has been known as MD in the company, and is held by Richard Goyder. The Chairman of the company has been known as Non-Executive Chairman in the company, and is held by Michael Chaney (IBIS, 2016). Wesfarmers had been declared as the biggest company with regards to the revenue of the company for the previous year. The company left its competitors far behind by attaining AU$65.98 billion as revenues. The Annual Report for the previous year shows that 220,000 people had been the employees of the company, due to which it is a largest private sector employer of the nation. The company also has considerable number of employees, which is over 3,300, and this is due to its present position (Wesfarmers, 2016a). In 1914, it was initially founded as being a cooperative and was responsible for making available the merchandise, as well as, the services to the Western Australian farmers. The first time when the company was listed over the ASX was in 1984. Since then, the company has been growing manifolds on yearly basis (Wesfarmers, 2017b). Even within its retail division, the company enjoys different operations, for instance, the supermarkets, the convenience stores, and office and hardware supplies. The brands of Wesfarmers Limited include Coles, which operates as a retailer of the groceries and a number of other household consumables; Kmart- retailer of general merchandise and apparel, along with handling of the automotive services department; Target- retailer for general merchandise, home wares and apparel; Home Improvement- run through Bunnings brand and has a chain of 357 trading locations in NZ and Australia; and lastly, Officeworks, which operates across the nation as a retail office supplies stores (IBIS, 2016). Regulatory Framework The regulatory framework which is applicable on any company in Australia includes the Acts, the Regulations, the Codes and the various other legislative mechanisms, which govern the entities having its operations in the nation. The following part covers a detail on some of the legislations which are applicable on the company. As the products are offered by the company to its consumers, the act which regulates the consumer behavior in Australia, i.e., the Competition and Consumer Act, 2002, which is an act of the Commonwealth, is applicable over the company. Certain changes were announced in 2016 by the Federal Government. As per these changes, when a business would have a major power over the act, due to which it can act in a way which can be stated as being competitive, and which also helps in attaining the benefits for the consumers, it would be unlawful when the same results in the competition being reduced due to the superior competitors making an exit from the market. This would result in the discouragement in the competition, which would increase the uncertainty for Wesfarmers. Not only is the business community against this proposal, even Wesfarmers has conveyed its disappointment to the Government. The reason for this is that the chances of litigations being raised against the company would be rai sed due to these changes in the provision of the act (Wesfarmers, 2016a). One of the retail businesses of Wesfarmers, i.e., Coles had been leading the command for development, as well as, implementation of the Food and Grocery Code of Conduct with the Australian Food and Grocery Council. Upon its ratification by the Parliament, Coles signed the same. This code is regulated by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission under the Competition and Consumer Act 2001. Wesfarmers, in its Annual Report 2016, has acknowledged that the increasing number of regulations in the nation was resulting in an unnecessary delay in the investments, which renders the operations of the company, as less effective. The activities of the company are subjected to a number of environmental regulations across the nation, in addition to the other nations in which the company operates (Wesfarmers, 2016a). Being registered as a company, Wesfarmers is also required to adhere to the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) and has to appoint its directors and other officers as per the criteria laid down in it, carry out the meetings, and make the disclosures as per this act. The example of one of such disclosure relates to the general standard of independence of the auditor through the Corporations Act 2001. Another example of the same is the disclosure as per section 237 of this act, pertaining to the proceedings brought on behalf of the company. The securities trading policy of Wesfarmers replicates the restrictions in the matter of the key management personnel of the company, where closely related parties are undertaken. A number of provisions pertaining to the remuneration of key personnel are also governed through the provisions of this act. The compliance with section 300A was also done as per this act. And also, the substantial shareholding for the purposes of Part 6C.1 of the Corporations Ac t 2001 was also made by Wesfarmers (Wesfarmers, 2016a). The Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is also applicable on the company, which requires the company to comply with the requirements set out in this acts Division 83A for the Australian resident employees. The Wesfarmers Employee Share Acquisition Plan of the company qualified as a non-discriminatory share scheme for the employee as per the Division 83A. The company also has to adhere to different Accounting Standards, one of which is AASB 101 Presentation of Financial Statement (Wesfarmers, 2016a). Treaties, Conventions or Agreements The previous segment covered the regulatory framework which is applicable on Wesfarmers, as a result of its operations in Australia. This necessitates a discussion over the various international treaties, covenants and agreements, which are applicable on Wesfarmers, to be discussed, which apply on the company owing to its global presence. In order to take a step towards the initiatives relating to sustainable future, Wesfarmers complies with the GRI Guidelines, which stands for the Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines. For the year of 2015, Wesfarmers has followed a number of GRI G4 Guidelines in different categories of economic, environmental and social, and under these headings, on the basis of different aspects. For instance, under the environmental category, in the energy aspect, Wesfarmers adhered to the G4-DMA and G4-EN5 and for emissions aspect, the G4-DMA, G4-EN15, G4-EN16, and G4-EN17were adhered to (Wesfarmers, 2015). The company is committed towards reducing the greenhouse gas emissions, for which, the company monitors and manages its own emissions in an active manner and makes attempts towards reducing the same. The company also understands the specific risks which are formed due to the changes in the climate for the business of the company and also attempts to reduce such risks. The company, for 2016, reduced its greenhouse emissions by more than 2% in comparison to 2015, and since 2012, the company has decreased the same by more than 30% (Wesfarmers, 2016a). The raison d'tre behind for working towards reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions is due to the international treaties like the UNCCC, i.e., United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. The international convention of UNFCCC was initiated in 1992, which works in the direction of stabilizing the emissions from the greenhouse gases, in order to decrease the degraded impact which they leave on the climate. UNFCCC helps in specifying the limits for the greenhouse gases, in place of specifying an international treaty (Harrison, 2013). Another similar treaty, which was formed in 1997, is the Kyoto Protocol. This is also focused upon reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. The raison d'tre behind this is due to global warming which is aptly present, and which results from the emission of carbon dioxide which has been formed due to the actions undertaken by man (Krber, Schwirzenbeck and Barth, 2008). The Kyoto Protocol implements the objectives of UNFCCC. Hence, both of these treaties work towards fighting global warming by reducing the concentration of the greenhouse gasses present in the atmosphere, by taking it to such a level through with the dangerous anthropogenic inte rferences with the climate system can be prevented (Massai, 2011). The Paris Agreement is one of the agreements within the UNFCCC, which deals with the mitigation and adaption for the greenhouse gases, along with the finance which starts in the year of 2020. Its language was negotiated amongst the representatives of 195 nations, which took place on December 12th 2015, at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC, and was held in Paris (Blau, 2017). The Paris Agreement is aimed at enhancement of the UNFCCCs implementation by holding the increase in the global average temperature which is less than 2?C and also makes efforts towards limiting the increase to 1.5C and both these limits are over the pre-industrial levels (Bates, 2015). Recognizing that the climate change is due to human actions, and acknowledging that Wesfarmers and the nation of Australia have a huge rule in mitigation of the climate change, Wesfarmers takes various initiatives towards safeguarding the climate. Wesfarmers works towards this, for limiting the global warming to the levels of 1.5C 2C higher than the pre-industrial levels. Wesfarmers believes in working together with the industry and the government for achieving these desired outcomes. For the decarbonisation to take place in an efficient manner, the long term policy needs to have a certainty. Hence, the company has pledged to continue on improving the greenhouse gas efficiency in all of its operations, which would not only reduce the business risks and costs for the company, but would also contribute towards the mitigation of the climate change (Wesfarmers, 2017c). Wesfarmers also undertook steps to encourage the government to apply for the ERF, i.e., the Emissions Reduction Fund, so that the energy efficiency could be implemented across the retail business of Wesfarmers. Wesfarmers business takes the LED lights into use when the companys new stores are being developed. The company also makes the retrofitting of more than two million new and highly efficient light fittings in the stores which are already present in the nation and the same is also being done for the distribution centers of the company, within a period of seven years. By undertaking these initiatives, Wesfarmers would successfully avoid the addition values for fifteen thousand tones of CO2e every year, i.e., carbon dioxide equivalent annually (Wesfarmers, 2016b). As has been highlighted earlier, Target is one of businesses of the nation. For the year of 2016, Target took a comprehensive due diligence program for making certain that the importation of the regulated timbre products was not done from the illegally logged sources. This was due to the Federal Government of Australias initiative with regards to adherence to the Illegal Logging Act 2012 of the Europe, along with its regulations (Wesfarmers, 2016c). The human element plays a huge role in the Wesfarmers as a conglomerate. And so, a number of international treaties and covenants in this regard, have to be followed by the company. The company has also drawn a statement as per the Modern Slavery Act 2015s Section 54, Part 6, which is an act of the United Kingdom (Wesfarmers, 2016d). References AMP Capital. (2015) AMP Capital Sustainable Share Fund. [Online] AMP Capital. Available from: https://www.ampcapital.com.au/AMPCapitalAU/media/contents/Documents/Sustainable%20Share%20Fund/1503-ssf-stock-holdings.pdf?ext=.pdf [Accessed on: 21/04/17] ASX. (2016) Wesfarmers. [Online] ASX. Available from: https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20160921/pdf/43bbqf00p6wwcy.pdf [Accessed on: 21/04/17] Bates, A.K. (2015) The Paris Agreement: The Best Chance We Have to Save the One Planet We've Got. San Bernardino, CA: BOOK Publishing Company. Blau, J. (2017) The Paris Agreement: Climate Change, Solidarity, and Human Rights. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Harrison, J. 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